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Police work involves substantial emotional labor by officers, who must control their own emotional displays & those of citizens, who often are encountered at their worst. Although policing often is viewed as masculine work that focuses on fighting crime, it also requires that officers maintain order & provide diverse services, which officers tend to disdain as "feminine" activities. Explored here are the varieties of emotional labor, the rules regulating emotional displays in policing, & the role of gender in shaping these occupational & organizational norms. Variations in the norms regulating emotional labor across policing assignments, interactional situations, & the gender of both the officers & the citizens in an encounter are identified. Also reviewed are coping mechanisms for regulating emotions -- including socialization, organizational rituals, humor, & off-duty social activities -- & the dilemmas that norms related to emotional labor pose for women officers. 34 References. Adapted from the source document.

The diffusion of digital technologies into industrial working relations results in new developments in professional qualifications as well as an altered health situation of workers. We assume that current tendencies in the organization of employment and work - flexibilization, rationalization and precarization - are being continued and further intensified. Our findings show that technology-driven performance pressures and a growing scope for action of employees do not coincide with a healthy improvement of worker activities and advances in professional qualifications.

"The diffusion of digital technologies into industrial working relations results in new developments in professional qualifications as well as an altered health situation of workers. We assume that current tendencies in the organization of employment and work - flexibilization, rationalization and precarization - are being continued and further intensified. Our findings show that technology-driven performance pressures and a growing scope for action of employees do not coincide with a healthy improvement of worker activities and advances in professional qualifications." (Author's abstract, © Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot).