Insurance, Entrepreneurial Start-Up, and Performance
In: Netspar Discussion Paper No. 03/2014-011
12 Ergebnisse
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In: Netspar Discussion Paper No. 03/2014-011
SSRN
Working paper
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Band 123, Heft 571, S. 791-830
ISSN: 1468-0297
In: IZA journal of labor policy, Band 1, Heft 1
ISSN: 2193-9004
Abstract
Among the OECD countries, Spain faces one of the highest rates of self-employment and Denmark one of the lowest, being the difference specially relevant among women. These two countries present important differences in their labor market conditions in terms of labor market flexibility, generosity of the unemployment benefits system, child care policies, and barriers to start and operate a business. In this paper we analyze if the different institutional environment and employment conditions in both countries can help to interpret the different incidence of self-employment rates. The study is carried out for men and women separately using a strictly comparable panel data set. The results indicate that in Spain self-employment seems to offer individuals who normally are considered as marginalized in the labor market a beneficial alternative to wage employment, while this pattern is not so clear in Denmark. Specifically, in Spain those individuals in the bottom part of the wage distribution and non-employees, particularly unemployed without unemployment benefits and mothers with small children, start more often their own business than in Denmark.
JEL codes
J15, J81, J61E64, J18, J38, J58, J24, J44, J62
This study investigates how the first childbirth affects the wage processes of highly attached women. We estimate a flexible fixed effects wage regression model extended with post-birth fixed effects by the control function approach. Register data on West Germany are used and we exploit the expansionary family policy during the late 1980s and 1990s for identification. On the return to work after the birth, mothers' wages drop by 3 to 5.7 per cent per year of leave. We find negative selection back to full-time work after birth. We discuss policy implications regarding statistical discrimination and results on family gap.
BASE
This study investigates how the first childbirth affects the wage processes of highly attached women. We estimate a flexible fixed effects wage regression model extended with post-birth fixed effects by the control function approach. Register data on West Germany are used and we exploit the expansionary family policy during the late 1980s and 1990s for identification. On the return to work after the birth, mothers' wages drop by 3 to 5.7 per cent per year of leave. We find negative selection back to full-time work after birth. We discuss policy implications regarding statistical discrimination and results on family gap.
BASE
In: Ejrnæs , M & Hochguertel , S 2008 ' Entrepreneurial Moral Hazard in Income Insurance : Empirical Evidence from a Large Administrative Sample ' Centre for Applied Microeconometrics. Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen .
We study risk behavior of Danish self-employed entrepreneurs, whose income risk may be driven by both exogenous factors and effort choice (moral hazard). Partial insurance is available through voluntary unemployment insurance (UI). Additional incentives to sign insurance contracts stem from a UI-embedded, government-subsidized early retirement (ER) program, giving benefits that are unrelated to business risk. Indeed, we argue that the self-employeds' incentives to insure themselves stem from the ER plan rather than from the UI cover. We show how to use a policy reform to identify moral hazard in observed transitions to unemployment when insurance is a choice variable. We use administrative (register) panel data covering 10% of the Danish population. We find that the insured are indeed more likely to transit into unemployment than the uninsured, once we properly instrument for the insurance choice.
BASE
In: Explorations in economic history: EEH, Band 37, Heft 2, S. 149-173
ISSN: 0014-4983
In: CEBI Working Paper Series, No. 02/19
SSRN
Working paper
In: Journal of political economy, Band 126, Heft 5, S. 1827-1864
ISSN: 1537-534X
In: The economic history review, Band 61, Heft s1, S. 140-171
ISSN: 1468-0289
This paper traces the evolution of the international market for wheat, from an emerging market structure after the repeal of the corn laws to a mature market characterized by efficient arbitrage after the introduction of the transatlantic telegraph and the growth of trade. Efficiency is documented using traditional price gap accounting as well as error correction modelling. Markets which traded directly with each other as well as markets which did not trade with each other were integrated. The traditional bilateral focus in market integration studies has been extended to a multivariate approach, which generates new insights into the pattern of diffusion of price shocks in the international economy. Shocks in the major importing nation, Britain, dominated in the emerging market phase, while shocks in the major exporting economy, the United States, dominated international price movements at the end of the nineteenth century.
In: Banco de Espana Working Paper No. 2317
SSRN
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 16228
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