Suchergebnisse

This paper specifically examines the Smuggling that occurred between Indonesia and the ACFTA member countries can be seen from the import-export trade gap. Smuggling occurs because the attempt to avoid tariffs, resulting in the manipulation of incoming documents, both in terms of quantity and price of imported goods. The policy change tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation and increase financial penalties affecting allegedly smuggling. This study uses a fixed effect panel data regression to analyze the policy change. The results obtained are: 1. The reduction of smuggling after the application of policy to reduce tariff rates on ACFTA cooperation, and 2. A decrease in smuggling after the implementation of the policy of increasing the maximum financial penalties. ; peer-reviewed

This paper specifically examines the macroeconomic impact of the NPL of individual banks using dynamic analysis. Model PVAR proposed as an analytical tool because of its advantages analyze the interdependence between banks in a group of commercial banks in conducting business activities (BOOK), considering the heterogeneity of the bank, the factors that make up the diversity of the bank (unobservable variables), analytical transmission ortogonalisasi Cholesky as well and dynamics of the relationship between variables macro with the bank's internal variables. This method will be very useful for dynamic studies of individual data bank in the banking industry. ; peer-reviewed

The increasing growth of financial system encourages payment system innovation that can affect financial system stability, particularly in ASEAN countries. This study explored a variety of payment system innovation, i.e. debit cards, credit cards, electronic money, and RTGS. The financial system stability index is measured by calculating the composite indexes of non-performing loans, Z-score from ROA and CAR, share price volatility, and yield bonds. The components of the indexes are structured to reflect risks from the banking, stock, and bond markets. The resulting index value indicates the level of risk in the financial system. A higher index specifies a higher risk and a more vulnerable financial system. Furthermore, it is noted that the effects of the independent variable can change according to economic conditions. The panel threshold model was applied to calculate the effects of various regimes, namely innovation, GDP, credit ratio, and stability index. The panel data were obtained from the ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines) from 2012 to 2020. The panel threshold analysis shows an increase in the value of debit card, credit card, and RTGS transactions. Specifically, innovation and GDPR negatively affect the stability index. Increasing the value of payment system innovation will decrease the risk to financial system stability in ASEAN countries. The monetary authorities of each country can implement these findings by considering the rapid development of payment system innovation and the danger it may pose to financial system stability.