Suchergebnisse

The 2004 reunification of Eastern and Western Europe and the subsequent economic crisis caused a surge in intra-European labour mobility and a profound shift in preceding patterns of migration in Europe. While previous decades of European integration brought very modest cross-border flows of labour, the past decade has engendered the largest European movements of labour in modern time mostly from East to West, but eventually also from South to North. In a situation of record high European unemployment, this has sparked controversy about the very notion of free movement, one of the basic foundations of the European Community, and has unleashed heated debates about the conditions, causes, and consequences of large-scale labour migration for receiving as well as sending societies. Against this background, this volume of Comparative Social Research will contribute to improve our understanding of the drivers, mechanisms, and effects of the past decade's surge in cross-border labour mobility and work related migration within Europe.

The 2004 reunification of Eastern and Western Europe and the subsequent economic crisis caused a surge in intra-European labour mobility and a profound shift in preceding patterns of migration in Europe. While previous decades of European integration brought very modest cross-border flows of labour, the past decade has engendered the largest European movements of labour in modern time mostly from East to West, but eventually also from South to North. In a situation of record high European unemployment, this has sparked controversy about the very notion of free movement, one of the basic foundations of the European Community, and has unleashed heated debates about the conditions, causes, and consequences of large-scale labour migration for receiving as well as sending societies. Against this background, this volume of Comparative Social Research will contribute to improve our understanding of the drivers, mechanisms, and effects of the past decade's surge in cross-border labour mobility and work related migration within Europe.

This report sums up the developments in labour migration from the member countries to the Nordic Region since EU enlargement in 2004, the consequences for the labour markets in both the Nordic Region and in the countries of origin, the main features of the political initiatives and adaptation strategies adopted by the Nordic countries, and the most important challenges that the Nordic countries will face in this area in the future. The report points out that Western Europe and the Nordic Region have experienced significant and increasing mobility of labour from the new member countries since 1 May 2004. It concludes that greater mobility, particularly from Poland and the Baltic countries, has been a contributory factor to higher growth and lower inflation in the Nordic countries than would otherwise have been possible in a period of prolonged economic prosperity and increasing labour shortages. It also states that the challenges in the Nordic countries have primarily been associated with the growth in in-service mobility and postings away from home. In addition, the report confirms quite significant emigration of workers from Poland and the Baltic countries since 2004, which has led to shortages of labour in those countries. It concludes that even though employment levels have risen significantly, especially in the Baltic countries, the main challenge for these countries will continue to be how to further increase domestic employment levels. This report constitutes the final product of the expert group on EU expansion set up by EK-A in 2004, the mandate for which expired on 1 December 2007.

EU enlargement has brought changes in the conditions for company strategies and engendered shifts in labour demand that are reshaping patterns of migration and employment conditions in the receiving countries. While the Nordic countries, except Norway, have seen modest inflows of individual jobseekers, they have seen a sharp rise in the posting of workers and low-cost competition, revitalising debates about reforms in labour market governance. The Nordic unions have approached enlargement and the regulation of conditions for posted workers very differently. Their divergent responses must be seen in the light of often overlooked variations in Nordic industrial relations, especially as regards the role of the state, but also rates of organisation among employers and employees, and collective bargaining coverage.

"Durch die EU-Erweiterung haben sich die Bedingungen für Unternehmensstrategien und die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften geändert, was zu neuen Mustern der Zuwanderung und der Beschäftigungsbedingungen in den Aufnahmeländern geführt hat. Während in den nordischen Ländern mit Ausnahme Norwegens relativ wenige individuelle Arbeitsuchende registriert wurden, haben die Zahl der entsandten Arbeitnehmer und die Konkurrenz durch billige Arbeitskräfte stark zugenommen, und dies hat die Debatten über Reformen in der Arbeitsmarktkontrolle wieder belebt. Die Gewerkschaften der nordischen Länder sind sehr unterschiedlich an die Frage der Erweiterung und der Regelung der Bedingungen für entsandte Arbeitnehmer herangegangen. Diese divergierenden Reaktionen müssen - was häufig versäumt wird - vor dem Hintergrund der Unterschiede zwischen den Systemen der industriellen Beziehungen der einzelnen nordischen Länder gesehen werden, ins-besondere was die Rolle des Staates angeht, aber auch den Organisationsgrad unter Arbeitgebem und Arbeitnehmern und die Verbreitung von Tarifvereinbarungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Cet article va au-delà des discours empreints de légalisme pour examiner la question de l'importance, aujourd'hui, de l'extension des conventions collectives dans le développement et la stabilité des systèmes de négociation collective en Europe. En premier lieu, il discute quelques arguments théoriques sur les avantages et les inconvénients de l'extension des conventions collectives et analyse son importance du point de vue des différents acteurs sociaux (l'État, les syndicats et les employeurs). Il livre ensuite un aperçu empirique des différentes conditions légales de recours à l'extension en Europe, et de l'ampleur de son utilisation en pratique. Puis les auteurs analysent les tendances les plus récentes en matière d'utilisation de l'extension, en s'appuyant sur les exemples du Portugal, de la Norvège et de l'Allemagne. L'article examine également l'importance de l'extension dans la couverture par la négociation collective en Europe, et se demande dans quelle mesure elle est liée au pouvoir d'organisation des syndicats et des employeurs. Enfin, les arguments principaux sont synthétisés, de manière à ouvrir la discussion sur le rôle qu'aura à jouer l'extension à l'avenir dans la solidité et la stabilité de la négociation collective en Europe.

Cet article esquisse les contours d'une politique de salaire minimum européen par le biais d'une analyse détaillée de ses perspectives et obstacles potentiels. Il commence par un aperçu de la diversité des régimes et niveaux de salaire minimum en Europe, avant de mettre en discussion les fondements normatifs et les objectifs sociaux et économiques d'un salaire minimum européen. L'article rend également compte du débat au sein du mouvement syndical européen, avec un éclairage particulier sur le débat entre la Confédération européenne des syndicats (CES) et les syndicats des pays nordiques. Dans la dernière section, les auteurs examinent les propositions spécifiques sur la manière de mettre en place une politique de salaire minimum européen, mais aussi son impact potentiel sur la protection effective des travailleurs à bas salaires.