Suchergebnisse

In 21 short case studies, this short book examines the distinctive coincidental history of America, Britain, and various Asian countries during the twentieth century. It covers a wide range of historical events, from American expansion into the Pacific to the creation of the Soviet gulags in Siberia to the end of the Vietnam War. Its main goal is to show how watershed historical events can often become layered or overlap each other, sometimes by intent but often merely by happenstance. As Ian Fleming once famously opined about actions in war: 'Once is happenstance. Twice is a coincidence. Three times is enemy action'.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Maps and Graph -- List of Acronyms -- Introduction: Evaluating China's Maritime Strategy in the South China Sea -- 1. The Early History of the South China Sea Disputes -- 2. China's Maritime Territorial Disputes with Vietnam -- 3. China's Spratly-KIG Maritime Dispute with the Philippines -- 4. China's Continental Shelf Dispute with Malaysia -- 5. China's Energy Resources Dispute with Brunei -- 6. China's Natuna Island Fishing Dispute with Indonesia -- 7. China's Sovereignty Disputes with Taiwan -- 8. The United States as the South China Sea Maritime Arbiter -- Conclusions: China's Contemporary and Future Maritime Strategy in the SCS -- Appendix A: Timeline -- SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS -- Document 1: Sino-French Tonkin Treaty, 26 June 1887 -- Document 2: Cairo Declaration, 1 December 1943 -- Document 3: Potsdam Proclamation, 26 July 1945 -- Document 4: Treaty of Peace with Japan, 8 September 1951 -- Document 5: Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan, 28 April 1952 -- Document 6: U.S.-ROC Mutual Defense Treaty, 2 December 1954 (ratified 1955) -- Document 7: Formosa Resolution, 1955 -- Document 8: Declaration on China's Territorial Sea, 4 September 1958 -- Document 9: Prime Minister Pham Van Dong's Letter, 14 September 1958 -- Document 10: Shanghai Communiqué, 28 February 1972 -- Document 11: Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America, 16 December 1978 -- Document 12: Taiwan Relations Act, 10 April 1979 -- Document 13: Joint Communiqué on the Question of Arms Sales to Taiwan, 17 August 1982 -- Document 14: Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 25 February 1992 -- Document 15: 1992 ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, 22 July 1992 -- Document 16: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, PART V, Exclusive Economic Zone, in force since 14 November 1994 -- Document 17: A concurrent resolution expressing the sense of Congress regarding missile tests and military exercises by the People's Republic of China, 21 March 1996 -- Document 18: Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf of the PRC, 26 June 1998 -- Document 19: 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, 4 November 2002 -- Document 20: Anti-Secession Law adopted by NPC, 14 March 2005 -- Document 21: Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, 29 June 2010 -- Document 22: In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration, 12 July 2016 -- Selected Bibliography -- Index

Preface : Four Periods of modern Chinese naval development -- Introduction : China's modern navy in historical perspective : the importance of coastal defense strategies -- The origins of the "modern" navy under the Qing dynasty -- The first opium war and Chinese naval modernization -- The Chinese navy in the second opium war, in Okinawa, and in Annam -- China's navy and the sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895 -- The Chinese navy's incomplete modernization and westernization --The "new army" reforms and the Chinese navy's impact of the Xinhai revolution -- The nationalist navy from 1922 through 1938 -- The post-world war II nationalist navy through the Chinese civil war -- Founding the PRC and the early history of the PLAN -- The Chongqing mutiny and the creation of the PLAN -- PLAN's coastal defense and the nationalist navy's use of the off-shore Islands to blockade China -- The sino-Soviet alliance and the growth of the PLAN --The nationalist navy and China's PLAN as an emerging regional navy -- Sino-Soviet conflict and the PRC decision to open relations with the United States -- Modernization, westernization, and geographic responsibilities of the PLAN -- China's historical and regional constraints and the future of the PLAN -- Conclusions.

Following the Nationalist defeat on the mainland in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek and his followers retreated to Taiwan, forming the Republic of China (ROC). Tensions with the People's Republic of China (PRC) focused on control over a number of offshore islands, especially Quemoy (Jinmen) and Matsu (Mazu). Twice in the 1950s tensions peaked, during the first (1954-55) and second (1958) Taiwan Strait crises. This small body of water - often compared to the English Channel - separates the PRC and Taiwan, and has been the location for periodic military tensions, some threatening to end in war. Today, relations between the ROC and PRC depend on quelling tensions over the Taiwan Strait. This work provides a short, but highly relevant, history of the Taiwan Strait, and its significance today.

Historical piracy and its impact -- Early attempts to fight piracy -- Piracy during the Taiping Rebellion and the Arrow War -- State-sponsored piracy in the Taiwan Straits -- The pirating of Vietnamese boat people -- Confronting maritime crime in Australian waters -- Twenty-first century high seas piracy off of Somalia -- Maritime crime and piracy in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea -- Piracy and maritime terrorism -- Successes and failures of counter-piracy operations -- Conclusions: international piracy in the era of global maritime domain awareness

China's recent economic reforms have opened its economy to the world. This policy, however, is not new: in the late nineteenth century, the United States put forward the Open Door Policy as a counter to European exclusive 'spheres of influence' in China. This book, based on extensive original archival research, examines and re-evaluates China's Open Door Policy. It considers the policy from its inception in 1899 right through to the post-1978 reforms. It relates these changes to the various shifts in China's international relations, discusses how decades of foreign invasion, civil war and revo.

"This book considers the negotiation and conduct of civilian prisoner exchanges between the United States and Japan during the Second World War. Using recently released archival documents, this book examines the details of the diplomatic negotiations, the actual mechanics underlying the two successful exchanges, the reasons for the termination of the exchange program, and its final outcome."--Jacket