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Let's get ready to rumble -- Theorising masculinities and violence : a review -- Top lad : a violent biography -- Born to fight -- Handy lads -- It's "not me," it's "them" : violent reflections -- Shadow world -- Rolling with the punches -- References.

"Why do some men use physical violence against others? How do some men come to value physical violence as a resource? Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research conducted with men involved in serious violence and crime over a period of two years in the North of England, Anthony Ellis addresses these questions and the complex relationship between these men and their use of physical violence against others. Using detailed life-history interviews and extended periods of observation with these men, Men, Masculinities and Violence describes their 'inner' subjective lives and experiences, exploring how they came to value violence, why they are willing to use it against others and risk serious harm to themselves in the process. Over the course of the book a picture emerges of a group of men that have experienced and perpetrated serious violence throughout their lives. This book advances a critical psychosocial understanding of such violence by situating these masculine biographies within their immediate contexts of de-industrialisation, fracturing working class community and culture, and broader shifts within the political economy of liberal capitalism. With its synthesis of rich ethnographic material and new developments in criminological theory, this book is essential reading for students and academics interested in issues of gender and violence."--Publisher description

The series, St Andrews Studies in Philosophy and Public Life originates in the Centre for Ethics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, University of St Andrews and is under the general editorship of John Haldane. The series includes monographs, collections of essays and occasional anthologies of source material representing study in those areas of philosophy most relevant to topics of public importance, with the aim of advancing the contribution of philosophy in the discussion of these topics. In

Several moral & legal questions concerning war crimes & acts of collective wrongdoing are addressed. The Christian philosophical tradition is accessed to determine whether states are morally responsible for their conduct during periods of war; in addition, the issue of whether states are punitively responsible for conduct that results in war crimes is considered. The extent to which nationalism is answerable for collective wrongdoing during times of war is then explored; the possibility of developing a humane nationalism is contemplated. Although war crimes are perceived as an inevitable outcome of armed conflict, it is noted that disagreement exists regarding whether the perpetrators of war crimes should be punished & which entities are morally & legally responsible for discipline such aggressors. Moreover, the question concerning whether the everyday citizens of aggressor nations must be held collectively accountable for its state's war crimes is pondered. The international community is strongly urged to adopt a multitheoretical perspective in addressing the moral & legal responsibilities of states that commit war crimes. J. W. Parker

Moral & legal reasons for opposing the use of ad hoc international tribunals to try suspected war criminals are questioned. The question of whether war crimes trials would violate the formal & substantive guarantees of legal equality is considered; it is revealed that war crimes trials will demonstrate some selectivity but that such arbitrariness will not exceed that found in municipal courts. It is stated that war crimes trials achieve ethical & legal legitimacy by incapacitating convicted offenders & deterring individuals from committing future war atrocities. Although it is agreed that certain punishments do not completely deter criminals from committing municipal or war crimes, it is maintained that punishment does reduce such individuals' criminal activities. The popular position that war crimes trials should be held in the offenders' home nations is rejected; rather, noting the rise of nonstate jurisdictions, it is claimed that a permanent international court must be established to prosecute suspected war criminals. J. W. Parker

A CENTRAL TENET OF THE LIBERAL CONCEPTION OF THE LAW IS THAT THE MERE IMMORALITY OF ANY ACTIVITY CANNOT, EVEN PRIMA FACIE, JUSTIFY ITS LEGAL PROHIBITION. IT IS OFTEN THOUGHT TO BE CONSISTENT WITH THIS TO HOLD THAT SOME ACTIVITIES MAY BE LEGALLY PROHIBITED BECAUSE THEY ARE OFFENSIVE. IN PARTICULAR, ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE INDECENT OR OBSCENE MAY BE PROHIBITED ON THIS GROUND. THERE ARE (AT LEAST) TWO WAYS IN WHICH THIS CAN BE HELD. THE REJECTION OF LEGAL MORALISM IS OFTEN PRESENTED AS DERIVED FROM WHAT MAY BE CALLED THE HARM CONDITION: NO ACTIVITY MAY BE PROHIBITED UNLESS IT CAUSES HARM. CONSEQUENTLY, IF THERE ARE ANY HARMLESS IMMORALITIES, THE MERE IMMORALITY OF THESE ACTIVITIES MAY NOT COUNT AS A GROUND FOR PROHIBITING THEM. BUT IF THEY ARE ALSO PUBLIC AND OFFENSIVE THEN THEIR OFFENSIVENESS MAY COUNT." A SECOND WAY TO HOLD BOTH VIEWS IS TO HOLD THAT THE HARM CONDITION IS TOO RESTRICTIVE, AND NEEDS TO BE SUPPLEMENTED AT LEAST BY THE PRINCIPLE THAT THE OFFENSIVENESS OF AN ACTIVITY MAY BE A LEGITIMATE GROUND ON WHICH TO PROHIBIT IT; BUT THAT THIS IS STILL CONSISTENT WITH A REJECTION OF LEGAL MORALISM.3 THIS PAPER DEALS WITH THESE POSITIONS IN TURN.

Introduction: The story so far -- 1 Freedom withdrawals and the trade-off for compliance -- 2 Harmalogical pharmacology and the Covid-19 vaccine -- 3 Technocratic feudalism and the new surveillance governance -- 4 Digital apartheids and the 'Other' -- 5 Asymptomatic freedom, resistance and the 'anti-vaxxers' -- 6 Heavy hands and iron fists against high social fevers -- 7 The new futures of exclusion.

The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed the way we live, work, and interact with each other. Nowhere was the pandemic more profoundly experienced than on the frontline of healthcare. From overwhelmed Intensive Care Units to shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clap for carers, the UK's National Health Service (NHS) became the focal point for the pandemic response. Utilising data from online survey responses (N = 16) complemented by four online interviews and one face-to-face interview (N = 5) with NHS workers primarily during the height of the pandemic, this article offers a preliminary analysis on the challenges the UK's healthcare workers faced through working in conditions of crisis management. The article particularly addresses NHS workers' amplification of fear, anxiety, and exhaustion; the absence of widespread solidarity; and implications of the absence of coherent governmental messaging upon the workforce. We situate this discussion within a critical account of neoliberal political economy, the theoretical framework of social harm, and the absence to explicate the harmful conditions of the pandemic's frontline. While the data are confined to the UK's NHS workers, its findings are relevant to other countries across the world that enacted similar responses to deal with COVID-19.

Purpose This article's core purpose is to explore 15 UK care workers' experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The paper's 15 open-ended interviews with adult social care workers are complemented by digital ethnography in Covid-19 social media forums. This dataset is taken from a global mixed-methods study, involving over 2,000 participants from 59 different countries. Findings Workers reported a lack of planning, guidance and basic provisions including Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Work intensification brought stress, workload pressure and mental health problems. Family difficulties and challenges of living through the pandemic, often related to government restrictions, intensified these working conditions with precarious living arrangements. The workers also relayed a myriad challenges for their residents in which, the circumstances appear to have exacerbated dementia and general health problems including dehydration, delirium and loneliness. While Covid-19 was seen as partially responsible for resident deaths, the sudden disruptions to daily life and prohibitions on family visits were identified as additional contributing factors in rapid and sudden decline. Originality The article offers revealing insights from frontline care home workers and thus provides an empirical snapshot during this unique phase in recent history. It also builds upon the preliminary/emerging qualitative research evidence on how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted care homes, care workers and the residents. Research limitations While the paper's sample cohort is small, given the significance of Covid-19 at this present time the findings shed important light on the care home experience as well as act as a baseline for future study. Social implications Care homes bore the brunt of illness and death during the first and second Covid-19 waves in the UK and many of the problems identified here have still yet to be actioned by the government. As we approach the summer months, an urgent review is required of what happened in care homes and this paper, we feel, could act as some part of that evidence gathering.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of both the Covid-19 pandemic and UK lockdown for the social, political and economic future of the UK. Drawing on primary data obtained during the lockdown and the theoretical concepts of transcendental materialism and the "event", the paper discusses the strength of participants' attachment to the "old normal" and their dreams of a "new normal".Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilises a semi-structured online survey (n = 305) with UK residents and Facebook forum debates collected during the lockdown period in the UK.FindingsThe findings in this paper suggest that while the lockdown suspended daily routines and provoked participants to reflect upon their consumption habits and the possibility of an alternative future, many of our respondents remained strongly attached to elements of pre-lockdown normality. Furthermore, the individual impetus for change was not matched by the structures and mechanisms holding up neoliberalism, as governments and commercial enterprises merely encouraged people to get back to the shops to spend.Originality/valueThe original contribution of this paper is the strength and depth of empirical data into the Covid-19 pandemic, specifically the lockdown. Additionally, the synthesis of empirical data with the novel theoretical framework of transcendental materialism presents an original and unique perspective on Covid-19.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of both the Covid-19 pandemic and UK lockdown for the social, political and economic future of the UK. Drawing on primary data obtained during the lockdown and the theoretical concepts of transcendental materialism and the 'event', the paper discusses the strength of participants' attachment to the 'old normal' and their dreams of a 'new normal'. Design – This paper utilises a semi-structured online survey (n=305) with UK residents and Facebook forum debates collected during the lockdown period in the UK. Findings – The findings in this paper suggest that while the lockdown suspended daily routines and provoked participants to reflect upon their consumption habits and the possibility of an alternative future, many of our respondents remained strongly attached to elements of pre-lockdown normality. Furthermore, the individual impetus for change was not matched by the structures and mechanisms holding up neoliberalism as governments and commercial enterprises merely encouraged people to get back to the shops to spend. Originality – The original contribution of this paper is the strength and depth of empirical data into the Covid-19 pandemic, specifically the lockdown. Additionally, the synthesis of empirical data with the novel theoretical framework of transcendental materialism presents an original and unique perspective on Covid-19. Keywords Covid-19; neoliberalism; consumerism; politics; social change; future; transcendental materialism.