Suchergebnisse

Two experiments are reported in which subjects performed a number of tasks before, during, and following exposure to cold. The main performance task, involving serial choice reaction times, yielded consistently large increases in error that were attendant upon reductions in mean skin temperature, and appeared largely independent of any fall in rectal temperature. Other more discrete tasks investigated over the two experiments included a simple reaction time test and the Stroop Word Color Test. The results of these tests indicated no significant performance changes in the cold. Performance on a verbal reasoning test, however, was slightly improved in the cold. The results are discussed in terms of an arousal versus distraction hypothesis of cold effects.

Twenty white and 20 black encoders each made Photofit constructions from memory of one of a sample of 10 white faces and one of a sample of 10 black faces. Then, to provide accuracy indices, two different groups of 20 white decoders matched the resulting Photofits to photographs of the original 20 faces. Both white and black encoders made more accurate white than black Photofits; white encoders made more accurate white Photofits than did black encoders; however, there were no racial differences in accuracy among encoders for black faces. Results were explained by cross-racial memory and by Photofit Kit differences.

Two visually impaired children appeared to have unusually severe difficulty in recognising faces. They were assessed on a variety of non-face and face tasks and it became apparent that only one of them was in fact severely limited in her ability to identify people by face. A series of training programmes, some microcomputer based, was given over an eighteen month period but there was no evidence of any improvement; this is due to the particular brain injury suffered and not to any lack of general intelligence.