Suchergebnisse

In order to examine the likelihood that androgynous students would report that their mothers worked outside the home while raising their children more often than other sex role types, 118 undergraduates and 142 parents were administered the Bern Sex-Role Inventory. Results revealed
that androgynous students were more likely to have had a mother who worked outside the home, suggesting implications for child rearing as well as adaptive sex-role development.

To examine the effects of family support and demographics on suicidal behavior, 385 subjects completed a demographic questionnaire and a Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ). Sixteen percent described themselves as "serious" ideators, while 59% were seen as ideators, numbers consistent with past suicide research. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the type of caregiver a person reported having while growing up accounted for a significant amount of the variance on ideator status. Serious ideators were more common among single parent house holds. Although many demographic variables were assessed, only the primary caregiver a person had as a child impacted their status as a suicidal ideator. This suggests that suicidal behaviors may occur due to a complex interaction between social factors and childhood care. The influence of living in a single-parent home may contribute to whether or not a person considers suicide.

This review of current discourse and research on the granting of prescriptive authority to clinical psychologists indicates that the mental health profession is divided into two distinct perspectives regarding this issue. Both perspectives were examined along with pertinent evidence
as provided in the available discourse and research. These authors concluded that while each perspective offers varying levels of applicability, the empirical evidence supports the efficacy of granting prescriptive authority to clinical psychologists. The client stands to benefit from this
proposal in three ways: improved efficiency of treatment, better possibility of insurance coverage and reduced incidence of overmedication that may be associated with the medical orientation of those currently holding prescriptive authority.

Research has shown that college students have a high risk of engaging in suicidal behaviors. Gaining more information about the belief systems of students and the adaptive reasons for living, lacking in suicide ideators, may provide valuable information about these behaviors and ways to prevent them. This study examined reasons for living in male and female college student suicide ideators and non-ideators in order to identify adaptive reasons for living, lacking in suicide ideators. Mean scores of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL) subscales and total score were used. Each subject answered a demographic questionnaire, a suicide questionnaire and the RFL. Analyses of Variance revealed a main effect for ideation status with non-ideators scoring higher than ideators on Survival and Coping Beliefs, Responsibility to Friends, and on the RFL total score. A main effect for sex was found on Fear of Suicide and Responsibility to Family subscales with women scoring higher than men. Women did not describe themselves as suicide ideators more often than did men.

The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain and criminal behaviour. It was predicted that prisoners scoring higher on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale of the WAIS-R would tend to commit more analytical thought-out
crimes. Those scoring higher on the Performance scale may be more impulsive type criminals and tend to commit crimes less thought out. A total of 51 inmates were tested with the WAIS-R. Inmates who scored lower on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale tended to be more impulsive. Due
to the overlap in crimes committed by both types of criminals, it was recommended that future research in this area may include a third category of both impulsive-non-impulsive along with the separation of the two categories.

In order to explore the relationship between spirituality, social desirability, and reasons for living, 100 individuals completed the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), the Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). Positive correlations were found between religious well-being and the total RFL score and Moral Objections subscale and between existential well- being and several RFL scales. Results indicate that the RFL Moral Objections subscale taps the same type of beliefs as does the SWBS religious well-being subscale. There also appears to be a strong relationship between the adaptive cognitive beliefs which people report as reasons for not considering suicide and their existential beliefs. This emphasises the need for careful assessment of individual needs and beliefs when dealing with suicidal individuals. Areas of concern to the therapist who is working with a suicidal client were not affected by high SD scores.

In order to examine the relationship between sex-role development and number of parents in the home, 129 adolescent age college students (73 women, 56 men) were administered a life history questionnaire and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (short form) (BSRI). With the sexes combined, 54
individuals were classified as androgynous and 75 as nonandrogynous. As predicted, there was a higher percentage of androgynous individuals who were reared in single-parent households as opposed to "intact" households. These results indicate that the development of an androgynous
sex role has a strong relationship to number of parents in a family, particularly single parent homes in which the mother is the parent. An implication of these results is that parents who model adaptive yet nontraditional roles may play an important role in the healthy development of their
children.

Androgyny is a gender role that has several positive characteristics such as adaptive coping strategies and less violent viewpoints. To examine the relationship between gender, gender roles, and attitudes towards violence, 161 individuals were administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory
and a violence questionnaire. It was hypothesized that a significant number of non-androgynous people would have a great predisposition towards violence. The mean violence score was higher for men than for women, however, there was no difference between androgynous individuals and others.
There were no significant interaction effects. Results are surprising when compared to previous research. It may be that more and more people, regardless of their interpersonal style, are moving towards a view which does not condone violence.