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How does budgeting work for international organizations within the United Nations system? What role do states as complex principals and international bureaucracies as complex agents play within budgeting processes? By providing four case studies on the UN, ILO, UNESCO, and WHO, the authors of "Managing Money and Discord in the UN – Budgeting and Bureaucracy" offer valuable insights on budgeting and its procedures in the UN System of organizations. Their findings demonstrate that despite global financial crisis and significant structural changes in global politics, the core budget routines of international organizations have remained relatively stable over the past decades. However, with vested interests of powerful member states, complementary financial arrangements outside the core organizations, diverging intraorganizational priorities, or the rise of philanthropy and voluntary contributions, complexities for both principals and agents have increased, which ultimately put the capacity of international bureaucracies to maintain budgetary routines at risk. By bridging the gap between related, but distinct disciplines within political science, the concept of budgeting put forward in this book is equally important for the study of International Relations, International Public Administrations, Political Economy, and Public Policy.

How does budgeting work for international organizations within the United Nations system? What role do states as complex principals and international bureaucracies as complex agents play within budgeting processes? By providing four case studies on the UN, ILO, UNESCO, and WHO, the authors of "Managing Money and Discord in the UN - Budgeting and Bureaucracy" offer valuable insights on budgeting and its procedures in the UN System of organizations. Their findings demonstrate that despite global financial crisis and significant structural changes in global politics, the core budget routines of international organizations have remained relatively stable over the past decades. However, with vested interests of powerful member states, complementary financial arrangements outside the core organizations, diverging intraorganizational priorities, or the rise of philanthropy and voluntary contributions, complexities for both principals and agents have increased, which ultimately put the capacity of international bureaucracies to maintain budgetary routines at risk. By bridging the gap between related, but distinct disciplines within political science, the concept of budgeting put forward in this book is equally important for the study of International Relations, International Public Administrations, Political Economy, and Public Policy.

The Rio Conventions stand at the centerpiece of international cooperation within the governance area of climate change, biodiversity, and desertification. Due to substantial environmental and political linkages, there are interrelations between the three regimes. This study seeks to examine the inter-institutional relationship between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification by analyzing and assessing their horizontal interplay activities from the starting point of their genesis at Earth Summit in 1992 until today. In this research, I address the connections between the three conventions and identify the conflicting, cooperative, and synergetic aspects of inter-institutional relationship. While the overall empirical analysis suggests weak indications of a conflictive type, this research asserts that the interplay activities have thus far led to a cooperative relationship between the Rio Conventions. Moreover, increasing coordination and collaboration between the conventions' treaty secretariats signals characteristics of a synergetic relationship, which could open up a potential window of opportunity for these actors to further engage and progress in institutional management in the future. In a conclusion, this study explores the possibility of the formation of an overarching environmental institution as a result of joint institutional management within the complex of climate change, biodiversity, and desertification. ; Die Rio-Konventionen stehen im Mittelpunkt internationaler Kooperation im Bezug auf den Governance-Bereich Klimawandel, Biodiversität und Desertifikation. Aufgrund von substantiellen ökologischen und politischen Verknüpfungen herrschen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den drei Regelungswerken. Die vorliegende Arbeit unternimmt den Versuch, die aus den institutionellen Interaktionen resultierende Relation zwischen der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen, der Biodiversitätskonvention und dem Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen zur Bekämpfung der Wüstenbildung über einen Zeitraum von deren Entstehung 1992 bis heute zu analysieren und zu beurteilen. Diese Forschungsarbeit untersucht die interinstitutionellen Beziehungen zwischen den drei Konventionen und identifiziert dabei konfliktträchtige, kooperative und synergetische Aspekte. Während in einer empirische Analyse insgesamt nur schwache Indikatoren für einen konfliktträchtigen Beziehungstyp gefunden wurden, kann in der Gesamtbetrachtung konstatiert werden, dass die bisherigen interinstitutionellen Interaktionen zu einer kooperativen Beziehung zwischen den Rio-Konventionen geführt haben. Darüberhinaus weisen die zunehmende Koordinierung und Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Sekretariaten der Konventionen Charakteristika einer synergetischen Beziehung auf. Das intensive Zusammenwirken dieser Akteure könnte sich in der Zukunft als Gelegenheit herausstellen, institutionelles Management aktiver zu gestalten und voranzubringen. In einem Fazit spielt die Arbeit das Szenario der Entstehung einer allumfassenden Umweltorganisation durch, die sich als Folgewirkung aus der gemeinsamen Steuerung des institutionellen Komplexes Klimawandel, Biodiversität und Desertifikation entwickeln könnte.

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed a growing interest among scholars and policy-makers in the interplay of international bureaucracies with civil society organizations, non-profit entities, and the private sector. Authors concerned with global environmental politics have made considerable progress in capturing this phenomenon. Nevertheless, we still lack in-depth empirical knowledge on the precise nature of such institutional interlinkages across governance levels and scales. Building upon the concept oforchestration, this article focuses on the relationship between specific types of international bureaucracies and actors other than the nation-state. In particular, we investigate how the secretariats of the three Rio Conventions reach out to non-state actors in order to exert influence on the outcome of international environmental negotiations. Our analysis demonstrates that the three intergovernmental treaty secretariats utilize various styles of orchestration in their relation to non-state actors and seek to push the global responses to the respective transboundary environmental problems forward. This article points to a recent trend towards a direct collaboration between these secretariats and non-state actors which gives rise to the idea that new alliances between these actors are emerging in global environmental governance.

AbstractOver the past decades, the growing proliferation of international institutions governing the global environment has impelled institutional interplay as a result of functional and normative overlap across multiple regimes. This article synthesizes primary contributions made in research on institutional interplay over the past twenty years, with particular focus on publications withInternational Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics.Broadening our understanding about the different types, dimensions, pathways, and effects of institutional interplay, scholars have produced key insights into the ways and means by which international institutions cooperate, manage discord, engage in problem solving, and capture synergies across levels and scales. As global environmental governance has become increasingly fragmented and complex, we recognize that recent studies have highlighted the growing interactions between transnationally operating institutions in the wake of polycentric governance and hybrid institutional complexes. However, our findings reveal that there is insufficient empirical and conceptual research to fully understand the relationship, causes, and consequences of interplay between intergovernmental and transnational institutions. Reflecting on the challenges of addressing regulatory gaps and mitigating the crisis of multilateralism, we expound the present research frontier for further advancing research on institutional interplay and provide recommendations to support policy-making.