Suchergebnisse

Beatriz Ramírez de Mendoza, bisnieta de Beatriz Galindo, la Latina, fue una mujer culta, enérgica y valiente que se enfrentó a los poderes políticos y religiosos de su época con las armas que le permitía su género: astucia, artimañas y habilidad. Adalid y patrona entre 1600 y 1605 de las reformas descalzas mercedaria y trinitaria, y partícipe de una fallida conspiración contra el duque de Lerma, sus últimos años transcurrieron en obligada clausura para escapar a los numerosos enemigos que sus iniciativas le acarrearon. Hoy recuperamos su memoria como reconocimiento a una intrépida mujer que, pese a la férrea represión política y social de su época, abrió caminos de conciliación entre los intolerantes fanatismos musulmán y católico con los que convivió. ; Beatriz Ramírez de Mendoza, great-granddaughter of Beatriz Galindo, the Latina, was a cultivated, energetic and brave woman who faced the political and religious lobbies of her time with the arms that her gender allowed: shrewdness, tricks and deftness. Between 1600 and 1605 she commanded the male reform of the Discalced Mercedarian and Trinitarian Order, and was part of a conspiracy against the duke of Lerma. She was compelled to seclusion during her last years of life as the only means to escape from the numerous enemies whom her previous actions had afforded her. Today we recover her memory from oblivion as reminder of the fact that, in spite of the ferocious political and social repression of her time, this intrepid woman paved ways of tolerance at the heart of the obstinate religious struggles that surrounded her.

The mainstream of Russian historiographical studies holds that at the turn of the century peasant economic conditions were in a state of near collapse. In one of the poorest parts of the empire three measures of that economic impoverishment were seriously in error: draft animals were incompletely inventoried, and the meanings of both land leasing and fallow reductions were misinterpreted. These methodological errors have systematically distorted prevailing discussions about the wealth and poverty of peasant farms in Voronezh. Accumulating evidence is beginning to suggest reopening the question of the severity of the Russian "agrarian crisis" on the eve of the Revolution of 1917.

Presents results of studies on the contribution of Kazan artist G.A. Medvedev to the emergence of painting in Mari region in the first third of the XX century. He appears as the artist of the art of Nouveau era and an epoch of formation of socialist realism. Two paintings «Rafting of timber along the Kokshaga» (1920s) and «Stepan Razin on the Volga» are of interest from the point of view of the history of development of Russian art in general.

This article is devoted to the linguistic and phraseological picture with the component of color designation in medicine. The problems of the relationship between language and thinking, language and worldview are eternal problems of linguistics. The concepts of linguistic and phraseological pictures of the world with a color component are studied. It is revealed that phraseological units perform the function of symbols, standards, and cultural stereotypes. Consequently, the concepts of linguistic and phraseological pictures of the world with a color component are considered. It is revealed that phraseological units perform the function of symbols, standards, and cultural stereotypes. Therefore, in our study, the connection of phraseology with culture is carried out through the cultural connotation of color and its meaning. It is proved that phraseological units have covered many areas of human life. Medicine also has not done without this phenomenon and often there are phraseological units with a component of color designation in clinical terminology. It is revealed that the knowledge of figurative professional medical phraseological units is one of the integral directions of the formation of professional qualities of the future medical specialist, contributes to the development of speech culture, as well as enriching the out-look. The presented medical phraseological units, despite their figurative nature, reflect the exact clinical signs of diseases and syndromes.

The issue of ensuring the real independence of the court is a multidimensional one, and perhaps this is really an area, in which it is impossible to solve all problems at once, by adopting one single (albeit very thoughtful) law. This is an area in which translational movement is a necessary component of success. In any case, it is difficult to argue with the fact that the quality of the judicial system at the moment and its gradual development in the future is an important milestone in the development of the state and society [1].The purpose of this work is as follows: consideration of the current legislative provisions governing the legal status of the presiding judge, identification of interaction areas between ordinary judges and presiding judges, analysis of proposed changes to the legislation governing the activities of court leaders and assessment of the possible consequences of the adoption of these provisions of the law. Based on the review results, it is concluded that the most optimal way to ensure the independence of the judiciary in the Russian Federation is the real irremovability of judges when they are appointed without limiting the term of office, provided that a high-quality, effective and transparent system for evaluating their work is developed, with a clear establishment of the level and procedure for bringing to justice, up to the possibility of deprivation of the corresponding position or status.

The aim of the research was to analyze the latest values of the EU in the context of their adaptation in the process of state-building in the candidate countries for enlargement with a view to reforming the legal field of the States. The main method was the observation method as a component of the experimental procedure with subsequent interpretation of the results (description). The results of the study demonstrate the axiological importance of the EU's main values. At the same time, the need for a gradual implementation of reforms in the sphere of state-building is argued, given the desirability of preserving national identity. It is concluded that the low level of adaptation of the EU pyramid of core values is corroborated and confirmed by statistical data, which requires a qualitative transformation of the reform strategy of the state-building processes of the candidate countries for EU enlargement. Scientific research was concerned with the search for the optimal and effective concepts of the integrated application of European values in the state-building processes in the candidate countries for EU enlargement.

The article draws attention to the existing theoretical and applied problem of the systematization of legal terms in lawmaking. The authors focus on general (logical processing of information, information processing based on preferences and beliefs) and special (classification, formation of thesaurus, modeling) methods of systematization, sequentially revealing their contents. Particular attention is paid to the classification of legal terms, which plays a leading role in the process of their systematization. With the help of classification, terminological series can be built, and terminological apparatuses can be formed in the legal text, from which the legal terminological system is composed. The authors classify legal terms on the following grounds: functional-stylistic features, the sphere of use in the legal language, the method of formation, the content of the concept corresponding to the legal term and the possibility of its different language implementation, activity, the time of use, the way of reflecting the content of the corresponding concept, the language as a source of the appearance of the legal term, the field of application, the form of use in the legislative text and etc.

Little–Parks effect names the oscillations in the superconducting critical temperature as a function of the magnetic field. This effect is related to the geometry of the sample. In this work, we show that this effect can be enhanced and manipulated by the inclusion of magnetic nanostructures with perpendicular magnetization. These magnetic nanodots generate stray fields with enough strength to produce superconducting vortex–antivortex pairs. So that, the L–P effect deviation from the usual geometrical constrictions is due to the interplay between local magnetic stray fields and superconducting vortices. Moreover, we compare our results with a low-stray field sample (i.e. with the dots in magnetic vortex state) showing how the enhancement of the L–P effect can be explained by an increment of the effective size of the nanodots. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

The development of multilayered materials with engineered magnetic properties compels a deep knowledge of physical properties at the atomic scale. The magnetic anisotropy is a key property in these materials. This work accounts for the magnetic anisotropy energy and its correlation with atomic properties of Co/Pd multilayers with the number of Co/Pd repetitions. Magnetometry measurements confirm stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energies as the number of repetitions increases up to 40. However, the intrinsic anisotropy, related to the Co–Pd orbital hybridization and spin–orbit coupling, saturates at 15 repetitions. This finding is supported by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis that reveals a direct correlation of the atomic Co and Pd orbital magnetic moments and the effective anisotropy of the system. The proximity effect that accounts for the Pd induced magnetization, along with the increasing Co moment, provides a suitable mechanism for the observed anisotropy energy layer dependence. ; This work received funding from the MINECO-AEI FIS2016-76058, UE FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa"; the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 734801, and the Basque Country Grant Nos. IT1162-19 and PIBA 2018-11. UPV/EHU authors are thankful for the technical and human support provided by the laser facility, x-ray service, electron microscopy, and magnetic measurement units of SGIker UPV/EHU. We acknowledge the access to BL29 at ALBA synchrotron light facility via official Proposal No. 2015091407. M.V. acknowledges funding via MINECO [Grant No. FIS2016-78591-C3-2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE)]. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges the support from the "Severo Ochoa" Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2016-0686). R.M. acknowledges enlightening discussions with Dr. Arturo Ponce-Pedraza (UTSA) on TEM. ; Peer reviewed