International audience ; L'ouvrage collectif, dirigé par l'historien des sciences Frédéric Thomas et l'économiste de l'environnement Valérie Boisvert, intitulé Le pouvoir de la biodiversité. Néolibéralisation de la nature dans les pays émergents, est l'aboutissement d'un projet de recherches collectif, mené de 2008 à 2011, et visant à comparer les politiques de gestion de la biodiversité dans trois pays émergents – le Vietnam, le Brésil et le Mexique.
Za lekturę i uwagi do pierwszej wersji tekstu dziękuję Anecie Drabek i Ewie Rozkosz. ; The article discusses the challenges of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education's programme in Poland, i.e. the National Programme for the Development of Humanities. It describes the regulations on the basis of which the programme has been conducted in 2015. In accord with the current form of the programme, the paper presents three issues that result from the research policy in Poland: (1) how disciplines in the humanities and in the social sciences can be differentiated, (2) how the output of the Principal Investigator in the humanities can be evaluated, and (3) how the term 'national' in the name of programme can be interpreted. The article concludes with a discussion of the consequences of financing research in the form of research projects rather than in the form of scholarships for research. ; W artykule omówione są wyzwania stojące przed realizacją programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, czyli Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki. Prezentowane zagadnienia odnoszą się do aktualnej edycji realizowanej w 2015 roku. Artykuł prezentuje trzy problematyczne kwestie, które wynikają z polityki naukowej realizowanej w Polsce: (1) sposób odróżniania dyscyplin humanistycznych od dyscyplin z nauk społecznych; (2) sposób oceny dorobku kierownika projektu w naukach humanistycznych oraz (3) interpretowanie terminu "narodowy" w nazwie ministerialnego programu. Zakończenie artykułu omawia konsekwencje polityki naukowej koncentrującej się na finansowaniu projektów a nie na finansowaniu długoletnich badań. ; Artykuł powstał w ramach prac grupy badawczej Scientometrics. Polish Research Group (http://scientometrics.amu.edu.pl) realizującej projekt pt. "Współczesna polska humanistyka wobec wyzwań naukometrii" finansowany ze środków Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki, numer decyzji 0057/NPHR3/H11/82/2014.
Este artículo explora de manera crítica la influencia que el mensaje teológico hallado en pasajes de los libros bíblicos de Génesis a Josué, los cuales expresan limpieza étnica, violencia y desposesión territorial, ha tenido como trasfondo simbólico de la colonización judía de Palestina a partir de fines del siglo XIX por parte del movimiento sionista y, posteriormente durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, por parte del Estado de Israel y otros actores nacionalistas y religiosos. Un análisis de estos procesos permite también realizar una evaluación acerca de los diversos modos de evocar el pasado, de acuerdo con el contexto de tales evocaciones y con los agentes que realizan las evocaciones, además de poner de manifiesto las consecuencias morales de un uso politizado del pasado. ; This paper critically explores the influence that certain passages in the Biblical books from Genesis to Joshua, which express ethnic cleansing, violence and territorial dispossession, have exerted as the symbolic background of the Jewish colonization of Palestine, from the end of the nineteenth century onwards, by the Zionist movement and, later in the second half of the twentieth century, by the State of Israel and other inationalist and religious agents. An analysis of these processes allows for an evaluation of the different modes of evoking the past, according to each interpretive context and to the agents producing such evocations, and also for an exposition of the moral implications of using the past for political motives of the present. ; Fil: Pfoh, Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Departamento de Historia; Argentina. ; Fil: Pfoh, Emanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. ; Fil: Pfoh, Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina.
The paper studies political competition between endogenously formed parties instead of independent candidates. Party formation allows policy-motivated citizens to nominate one of their fellow party members as their candidate for a general election and to share the cost of running in this election. Thus, like-minded citizens are able to coordinate their political behavior in order to improve the policy outcome. The paper focuses on political equilibria with two active parties, and investigates the properties of stable parties and the policy platforms offered in equilibrium. The platforms of both parties can neither be fully convergent as in the median voter model (Downs 1957) nor extremely polarized as in the citizen candidate model (Besley & Coate 1997). In the benchmark case of full electoral certainty, a unique political equilibrium with positive platform distance exists. Endogenous party formation thus eliminates a major weakness of the citizen candidate model, the extreme multiplicity of equilibria. The model remains tractable, and the qualitative results are shown to be robust under the assumption of electoral uncertainty, where vote results cannot be perfectly predicted.
International audience ; L'ouvrage collectif, dirigé par l'historien des sciences Frédéric Thomas et l'économiste de l'environnement Valérie Boisvert, intitulé Le pouvoir de la biodiversité. Néolibéralisation de la nature dans les pays émergents, est l'aboutissement d'un projet de recherches collectif, mené de 2008 à 2011, et visant à comparer les politiques de gestion de la biodiversité dans trois pays émergents – le Vietnam, le Brésil et le Mexique.
Kontakty międzyregionalne są istotnym elementem partnerstwa strategicznego Ukrainy i Polski. Współpraca Polski i Ukrainy odbywa się na kilku płaszczyznach. Ważnym efektem kontaktów polsko-ukraińskich jest tworzenie na szeroką skalę partnerskich relacji między regionami obu tych krajów. Wśród wielu międzyregionalnych porozumień na uwagę zasługuje współpraca między województwem świętokrzyskim i obwodem winnickim. Charakteryzuje się ona różnym zakresem oraz natężeniem wzajemnych kontaktów i realizowanych przedsięwzięć. Kooperują jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, organizacje pozarządowe, firmy oraz uczelnie.Słowa kluczowe: obwód winnicki; województwo świętokrzyskie; współpraca; Polska; Ukraina. Interregional contacts are an important part of the strategic partnership of Ukraine and Polish. Polish and Ukrainian cooperation takes place on several levels. An important effect of Polish-Ukrainian relations is to create a large-scale partnerships between the regions of both countries. Among the many interregional agreements noteworthy is the cooperation between the Świętokrzyskie Province and Vinnytsia District. It is characterized by varying scope and intensity of mutual contacts and ongoing projects. Cooperate local government units, non-governmental organizations, companies and universities.Key words: Vinnitsa District; Świętokrzyskie Province; cooperation; Poland; Ukraine.
International audience ; L'ouvrage collectif, dirigé par l'historien des sciences Frédéric Thomas et l'économiste de l'environnement Valérie Boisvert, intitulé Le pouvoir de la biodiversité. Néolibéralisation de la nature dans les pays émergents, est l'aboutissement d'un projet de recherches collectif, mené de 2008 à 2011, et visant à comparer les politiques de gestion de la biodiversité dans trois pays émergents – le Vietnam, le Brésil et le Mexique.
El siguiente artículo resume los resultados de un estudio arqueológico y genealógico del nombre de la ciudad de Resistencia (Chaco, Argentina). Rastreando las continuidades y diferencias entre el origen histórico y el origen presente de este nombre, intentamos mostrar la presencia de unos locus de enunciación anclados en la esfera de lo político y lo gubernamental, revisando cómo sobre la superficie del discurso emergen enunciaciones que expresan condiciones históricas de disputa por los significados globales que constituyen los imaginarios sociales e identitarios de la ciudad. A través de algunos enunciados ejemplares e imágenes tomadas de la vía pública, veremos cómo el sentido de Resistencia es definido desde el presente a través de fórmulas que buscan cristalizar –recurriendo a recetas multiculturalistas- determinadas visiones de lo social y lo político en términos conciliatorios y armónicos, diluyendo así su sentido originario anclado en la dialéctica civilización-barbarie. ; The article resumes an archaelogical and genealogical study of Resistencia city name's (Chaco, Argentina). Tracing the continuities and differences between the historical origin and present origin of this name, try to show the presence of a enunciation locus anchored in the politics and government field, reviewing how on the discourse surface emerge enunciations expressing historical conditions of contention about global meanings that constitute social and indentity city imaginaries. Through some exemplary frames and images taken from public roads, see how the sense of Resistencia is defined from the present trhough modes that want to crystallize –using multiculturalist recipes- specific visions of socials and politics in conciliatory and harmonics terms, thus diluting its original meaning rooted in the civilization-barbarism dialectic.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. The Obama administration has an opportunity, and some would say an obligation, to create a doctrine that sets guidelines for the development and deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones. There are a number of debates surrounding the use of drones, the most contentious of which have been as to whether governments have legal authorization to do so, and of how combatant status is defined under current international law. In Obama's first term, his administration worked to rollback the world's arsenal of nuclear weapons. His efforts and vision of a world without nuclear weapons was one of the reasons why President Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize—inclusive, of course, of his effortto strengthen international diplomacy. Yet, during this same period, his administration has developed and utilized revolutionary military technologies that may well become signature weapons of the 21st century. Since 9/11, there has been an alarming increase in the use of drones.
Il documento si propone di evidenziare quali sono state le novità introdotte dalla riforma contabile avviata nel 2010 attraverso l'emanazione delle bozze per la consultazione, da parte dell'organismo italiano di contabilità, e terminata, almeno nella prima trance, nel gennaio 2015 con l'emanazione del principio contabile OIC 24. La parte iniziale di questo lavoro se prefigge di esplicitare e analizzare quali sono state le novità di maggior spessore che l'OIC ha introdotto nei 20 principi contabili appena emanati, cercando di analizzare unicamente i cambiamenti posti in essere dal legislatore, rispetto alle disposizioni sancite nei vecchi principi contabili, e limitando il più possibile la trattazione delle tematiche rimaste immutate. I capitoli che vanno dall'uno al dodici trattano analiticamente le innovazioni e gli aggiornamenti approvati dall'OIC e servono come parte "introduttiva" e propedeutica per la dimostrazione della tesi che viene asserita nell'ultimo capitolo. Il tredicesimo capitolo propone invece una domanda, ossia: Quali sono i principi ispiratori che hanno spinto il legislatore a porre in essere una riforma dei principi contabili nazionali? Il documento evidenza come la risposta maggiormente intuitiva, ossia l'aggiornamento dei principi OIC ai principi contabili internazionali IAS/IFRS, sia una delle componente fondamentali nel processo di revisione dei principi ma, non certamente, l'unica - e forse neppure la più significativa - motivazione. La risposta avanzata dal documento individua quindi 3 distinte motivazioni: Necessità di consentire una contabilizzazione delle perdite derivanti dalle crisi economico-finanziarie degli anni passati; Necessità di semplificare talune disposizioni e di ridurre i costi di redazione di bilancio dei soggetti che formano la percentuale maggiore della realtà economica italiana, ossia le Pmi; Facoltativa discrezionalità di adottare metodologie redazionali in linea con le disposizioni sancite dagli standard setter internazionali per le realtà aziendali in grado, nonostante le piccole o piccolissime dimensioni, di sostenere tali costi grazie alle capacità finanziarie e manageriali superiori alla media del settore. In definitiva l'ultimo capitolo dimostra quali sono le fattispecie oggettive che legittimano ad asserire che l'OIC abbia redatto una disciplina contabile, interpretativa e integrativa delle disposizioni sancite dal codice civile, strutturata e adeguata su misura per le Pmi Italiane.
This thesis consists of three self-contained chapters. The first chapter studies political competition with endogenously formed political parties. Party formation allows policy-motivated citizens to coordinate their political behavior, and crucially affects political outcomes. In political equilibria with two active parties, both platforms can neither be fully convergent as in the median voter model, nor extremely polarized as in the citizen candidate model. The second chapter investigates the effects of political institutions on the quality of political selection, i.e., the voters' capacity to empower competent politicians. Political institutions that increase the concentration of political power in the hands of the election winner involve a trade-off. On the one hand, higher power concentration enables the voters' preferred politician to enforce larger parts of his agenda. On the other hand, higher concentration of power increases electoral stakes and thereby induces stronger distortions in policy choice. We identify a negative relation between the optimal level of power concentration and the extent of the politicians' office motivation. The results of an empirical analysis are in line with this prediction. The third chapter studies optimal income taxation in a model with labor supply responses at the intensive and the extensive margin. In contrast to the classical Mirrlees framework, a utilitarian desire for redistribution does not pin down the signs of optimal marginal taxes and optimal participation taxes. The chapter uncovers a non-standard tradeoff between efficiency at the intensive margin and efficiency at the extensive margin, which complements the standard equity-efficiency tradeoff and provides the economic intuition behind the ambiguous sign of the optimal marginal income tax.
In 2001, after six years of preparatory work by academics and European Commission civil servants, a White Paper on European governance was published. In this document, participation plays a crucial role. A precise semantic analysis of corresponding European Commission publications enables to present a detailed characterisation of the discursive regime of European participative governance. This characterisation highlights the numerous convergences between the discourse of participative governance and the neoliberal ideology. This participative governance discourse may be understood as an attempt to both imagine and legitimate a political system aimed at governing European people in a historical phase of domination of the neoliberal ideology in Europe.
International audience ; Der überraschendste Teil von Isokrates' Archidamos ist der Abschnitt (§ 73-86), in dem den Spartanern ein radikales, visionäres Kriegskonzept vorgeschlagen wird. Dieses sieht die Evakuation der spartanischen Zivilbevölkerung und die Führung des Krieges nur durch die Armee vor, ohne Unterstützung durch und Schutzauftrag für die Zivilbevölkerung und das Heimatterritorium. Ziel ist es, die gegnerischen Staaten auf der Peloponnes dahin zu bringen, das soeben unabhängig gewordene Messene wieder der spartanischen Herrschaft zu unterstellen. Die Radikalität des Konzeptes soll in diesem Beitrag anhand eines Vergleiches hinsichtlich Begriff, Zweck und Wirkung mit den bekannten modernen Konzepten des absoluten Krieges von Carl von Clausewitz sowie des totalen Krieges von Léon Daudet und Erich Ludendorff herausgearbeitet werden.
Following thirteen years of excavation by the Israel Antiquities Authority, a thousand-year-old structure – once a hospital in Jerusalem – will be open to the public; part of it seems earmarked to serve as a restaurant. In Syria, as the civil war rages on, reports and footage have been emerging of explosions in and around Crac des Chevaliers castle, a UNESCO World Heritage site. During the interwar period (1923–1943), the Italian colonial authorities in the Dodecanese engaged in a wide-ranging series of projects to restore – and in some instances redesign – several buildings on Rhodes, in an attempt to recreate the late medieval/Renaissance lore of the island. ; peer-reviewed
Recensione di: Guido Panvini, Cattolici e violenza politica. L'altro album di famiglia del terrorismo italiano, Venezia: Marsilio editore, 2014, 400 p., ISBN-13: 978-8831717533, 22 euro.
