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A fresh look at how Christianity and Judaism became two distinct religions through the parting of their intellectual traditions How, when, and why did Christianity and Judaism become separate religions? This book reinterprets the parting of the ways between Jews and Christians in late antiquity as a split between two intellectual traditions, a split that took place in the context of Christian theological debates. By demonstrating that the constitution of communal borders coincided with the elaboration of different ways of producing religious knowledge, Emanuel Fiano shows that Christian theological controversies, often thought to teach us nothing beyond the history of dogma, can cast light on the broader religious landscape of late antiquity. Fiano marks not only a historical but also a methodological intervention in the study of the parting of the ways and in the study of late ancient religion more broadly. In his thought-provoking book we observe Christianity fall away from Judaism through the constitution of its own intellectual tradition, sustained by new practices for religious inquiry

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Entering the Transnational World -- Scope and Main Argument -- Bringing the Regional Scale In -- Outline of the Book -- What May Be Gained? -- 2. Four Paths toward a Comparative Sociology of Regional Integration -- Coming from Below: The Burst of the National Container -- Transnationalism-a Local Phenomenon? -- Transnationalism-a Global Phenomenon? -- The Missing Closure Dimension of "Transnational" -- Coming from Above: The Granfalloon of World Society -- Wallerstein's World-System -- Meyer's World Polity -- Luhmann's World Society -- Inside a Granfalloon: Uncovering the Internal Structure of World Society -- Coming from Europe: The Particularism of "Europeanization" -- Europe-Concept or Case? -- "Europeanization" as "Regionalization in Europe" -- Toward a Comparative-Universalist Alternative -- Learning from the Limitations of the Sociology of Europe -- Coming from Politics: The Beacon of Comparative Regionalism -- Early Comparative Approaches to Regionalism in Political Science -- The Latest Wave of Comparative Regionalism in Political Science -- Is There Really No Sociological Equivalent? -- The Missing Fourth Leg of the Elephant -- 3. The Regionalized Structure of Transnational Human Activity, 1960-2010 -- An Increasingly Interconnected World? -- The Transnational World as a Square -- Comparing Regionalism across Time, Regions, and Activity Types -- Absolute Regionalization -- Absolute Globalization -- Relative Regionalization -- Relative Globalization -- Results for Alternative Constellations of Regions -- Letting the Algorithm Speak -- Summary and Discussion -- Color Plates -- 4. Why Does Regionalism Occur in Transnational Human Activity? -- Culture, Politics, Economics, or Geography -- Cultural and Historical Factors -- Economic and Technological Factors.

"Through analyses of three eventful years in Nazi Germany's history, this book offers a new account of the phenomenon of extreme state violence as a special category of violence, in which the armed forces are used unnecessarily and excessively, often on thin pretexts, and only rarely with the intention of carrying a message to the public"--

Welche Folgen hat die dramatische Überalterung der Gesellschaft für unsere Demokratie? Werden einige wenige wohlsituierte »Best Ager« und »Silver Surfer« die politische Partizipation an sich reißen und eine Wutbürger-Interessenvertretung betreiben, die nur die Bedürfnisse ihrer Altersgruppe im Blick hat? Oder erfüllt sich die demokratische Hoffnung auf eine erweiterte und intensivierte politische Beteiligung der Seniorinnen und Senioren, die allen Generationen zugutekommt? Damit letzteres gelingt, so Emanuel Richter, müssen die herrschenden Altersbilder kritisch durchdacht, die soziale Spaltung im Kreis der Senioren vermindert und die spärlichen Beteiligungsangebote phantasievoll erweitert werden. Demokratie statt Demenz lautet die Devise.

Drawing on evolutionary epistemology, process ontology, and a social-cognition approach, this book suggests cognitive evolution, an evolutionary-constructivist social and normative theory of change and stability of international social orders. It argues that practices and their background knowledge survive preferentially, communities of practice serve as their vehicle, and social orders evolve. As an evolutionary theory of world ordering, which does not borrow from the natural sciences, it explains why certain configurations of practices organize and govern social orders epistemically and normatively, and why and how these configurations evolve from one social order to another. Suggesting a multiple and overlapping international social orders' approach, the book uses three running cases of contested orders - Europe's contemporary social order, the cyberspace order, and the corporate order - to illustrate the theory. Based on the concepts of common humanity and epistemological security, the author also submits a normative theory of better practices and of bounded progress.