Suchergebnisse

Versta iš: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature,Boston: James Munroe and Company, 1836, pp. 76–81 (Chapter VII 'Spirit').Iš anglų kalbos vertė Ruslanas Baranovas, Marius Jakštas, Vaida Kalkauskaitė,Kęstas Kirtiklis, Živilė Pabijutaitė, Viktorija Ringytė, Andrius Šimašius, Vytautas Šliuburys, Vytautas Vyšniauskas

O texto traz uma visão histórica da guerra, mas do ponto de vista da diminuição dos conflitos no tempo e da busca pela paz. Segundo o autor, a tendência à guerra é gradualmente substituída pela tendência à paz, na medida da evolução e do amadurecimento do homem, que aos poucos abandona o instinto primitivo de autopreservação, que é a verdadeira função da guerra. Esse instinto de guerra pode ser mitigado por outros instintos, que podem modificá-lo ou controlá-lo e, até mesmo, domá-lo por completo. Além disso, o sentimento de moral, o comércio e o esclarecimento são outros meios para se chegar à paz, pois o primeiro faz perceber o lado animalesco do conflito; o segundo as semelhanças entre as pessoas; e o terceiro dá o conhecimento ao homem de que a história é o registro da diminuição da guerra. Dessa forma, com a promoção desses três elementos, os homens seriam levados a buscar a paz e evitar a guerra. Por fim, o projeto de paz deve ser feito por cada homem em particular, uma vez que a conquista do instinto de guerra é própria de cada pessoa.The text brings a historic vision of war, but focusing on the reduction of conflicts through time and the seek for peace. According to the author, the trend of war is gradually substituted by the trend toward peace as the mankind evolves and matures, that slowly dumps its primitive instincts of autopreservation, at which is the true function of war. This instinct of war might be mitigated by others insticts, that may modify or control and even completely tame it. Futhermore, the moral feeling, the trade system and the enlightment are either means to reach peace, since the first enables the perception of the animalistic side of conflict, the second enables the people's resemblances, and the third provides mankind the knowlegde that history is the registry of the decreasing of war. In that way, promoting theses three elements, the mankind would be lead to seek peace and avoid war. At the end, the peace project should be done by the individual in particular, since the instintict of war is conquered by every person itself.

Intro -- À propos de Collection XIX -- Titre -- AVANT-PROPOS -- SOCIÉTÉ ET SOLITUDE -- LA CIVILISATION -- L'ART -- L'ÉLOQUENCE -- LA VIE DOMESTIQUE -- DE LA CHOSE RUSTIQUE -- LES TRAVAUX ET LES JOURS -- LES LIVRES -- LES CLUBS -- LE COURAGE -- LE SUCCÈS -- LA VIEILLESSE -- Note au lecteur -- Page de titre de l'édition imprimée -- Copyright

"Ralph Waldo Emerson is a central figure in American political thought. Until recently, his vast influence was measured mostly by its impact on literature, philosophy, and aesthetics; in particular, Emerson is thought to be largely responsible for introducing idealism into America in the form of living one's life self-reliantly. However, in the past few decades, critics have increasingly come to realize that Emerson played a key role in abolitionism and other social movements around the time of the American Civil War. This collection highlights Emerson's practical political involvement, and examines its philosophical basis in his writings."--Jacket

1. The poet.--2. Experiences.--3. Character.--4. Manners.--5. Gifts.--6. Nature.--7. Politics.--8. Nominalist and realist. Emancipation address, delivered in Concord, Mass. ; Mode of access: Internet.

History.--Self-reliance.--Compensation.--Spiritual laws.--Love.--Friendship.--Prudence.--Heroism.--The over-soul.--Circles.--Intellect.--Art.--The poet.--Experience.--Character.--Manners.--Gifts.--Nature.--Politics.--Nominalist and realist.--New England reformers, lecture at Amory Hall. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Essays: The American scholar. An address. Man the reformer. Self-reliance. Compensation. Friendship. Heroism. The over-soul. Circles. The poet. Character. Manners. Gifts. Nature. Politics. New England reformers. Worship. Beauty.--English traits. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction.--Essays: Gifts; Manners; Friendship; Character; Self-reliance; Heroism; Compensation; Politics; Shakespeare; or, The poet; Nature; The American scholar.--Notes and questions. ; Mode of access: Internet.