Suchergebnisse

This volume explores relations between socialist planned economies of Central and East European countries and capitalist market economies of neutral states in Europe dyring the Cold War. It focuses on the significant role of neutral countries as path-breakers in building East-West contacts

With this volume, the Edition of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Schuschnigg Cabinet (July 29, 1934 to March 11, 1938) comes to a close. The edition of this essential source of Austrian history opens up new scientific perspectives due to the transcription of the minutes' shorthand notes (written using the now obsolete and difficult to read Gabelsberger system) and the comprehensive scientific commentary and explanatory notes. The detailed biographical and subject indices provide a means for easy search within the volumes contents.The Minutes of the Cabinet Meetings have to be regarded as central source materials for Austrian politics. - Mit diesem Band wird die Edition der Ministerratsprotokolle des Kabinetts Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg (29. Juli 1934 bis 11. März 1938) abgeschlossen. Die Edition dieser grundlegenden Quelle zur österreichischen Geschichte eröffnet durch die Transkription der Mitschriften, die in Gabelsberger Stenographie abgefasst sind, und durch einen umfassenden Anmerkungsapparat neue wissenschaftliche Perspektiven.

With this volume, the Edition of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Schuschnigg Cabinet (July 29, 1934 to March 11, 1938) comes to a close. The edition of this essential source of Austrian history opens up new scientific perspectives due to the transcription of the minutes' shorthand notes (written using the now obsolete and difficult to read Gabelsberger system) and the comprehensive scientific commentary and explanatory notes. The detailed biographical and subject indices provide a means for easy search within the volumes contents.The Minutes of the Cabinet Meetings have to be regarded as central source materials for Austrian politics. The eighth and last volume of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Schuschnigg Cabinet encompasses meeting No. 1056 of June 4, 1937 to No. 1069 of February 21; enclosed No. 1070 of March 12 and No. 1071 of March 13, 1938. The edition does provide fundamental source material concerning the last months of the Austrian First Republic. In terms of content, the discussions between the members of government contained therein pertain to a broad spectrum. Conflicts of interest or accordance between the cabinet members as well as the state of discussions pertaining to specific problems can be followed and traced through the minutes. Special mention must be made of the transcription of the shorthand notes (written using the "Gabelsberger"-system), frequently yielding additional information not present in the fair copy, which has been unavailable to researchers until now. As a result of the "Juli-Abkommen" of 1936 and the subsequent presence of nationalistically inclined ministers – even more so during the last few months before the "Anschluss" –, the discussions tend to demonstrate an element of reluctance by the elites of the Austrian Corporate State (Ständestaat), and it becomes clear that discussions and decision-making on various important subjects also tended to take place elsewhere. Therefore, during the editing process, special care and emphasis was put on the question of how and where the exchange of information took place within the government body, where important decisions were made and where important deliberations took place. Especially notable in this context is the frequent convening of committees of ministers on various subjects, where only part of the government met for deliberation. Within the archival holding "Bundeskanzleramt/Berufständischer Aufbau" of the Austrian State Archives/Archive of the Republic, some minutes of meetings by the committee of ministers could be located. The minutes of those committees tend to clarify and further illustrate the decision-making processes. The frequently long intervals between cabinet meetings tended to cause quite extensive orders of business containing many items. Important subjects were the "Ordnungsschutzgesetz", the "Handelskammerngesetz" and the deliberations on the "Bundesfinanzgesetz 1938". Special mention must be given to the extensive archival holding of the minutes of the "Finanz- und Budgetausschuss" of the "Bundestag" from the years 1935 to 1937 in the Archive of the Austrian Parliament, which have been located in the course of research and have so far not been taken into consideration by the scientific community. The "Finanz- and Budgetausschuss" was a forum where the collision of party political trends, federalist interests, union demands and entrepreneurial interests in the struggle over distribution of financial resources are much more clearly visible than in the cabinet meetings. Additionally, it shows criticism of government policy to a heretofore unknown extent. The scientific commentary and explanatory notes required more intensive research than previous volumes in order to properly demonstrate the government's difficult position between national opposition and lack of basis within the former Christian Socialist elites. A multitude of different archival holdings had to be consulted and searched. Occasionally, documents of speci

The edition of the minutes of the cabinet meetings of Leopold Figl's first government is an important contribution to the history of the early years of Austria's Second Republic and its political components after World War II. Vol. 14 encompasses meetings no. 139 of January 4, 1949 to no. 146 of February 21, 1949, as well as the accompanying minutes of the Wirtschaftliches Ministerkomitee (Economic Committee of Ministers). The discussions cover matters of foreign, domestic and economic policy, reconstruction, and relations between the Austrian government and the four great powers. Particularly prominent are the pervasive problem of securing basic levels of nutrition for the Austrian population, the ongoing State Treaty negotiations, and measures to implement the European Recovery Program. - Die Edition der Ministerratsprotokolle der Zweiten Republik, Kabinett Leopold Figl I, stellt einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erforschung der frühen Jahre der Zweiten Republik und seiner politischen Organe nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg dar. Band 14 umfasst die Protokolle Nr. 139 vom 4. Jänner 1949 bis Nr. 146 vom 21. Februar 1949 sowie die in diesen Zeitraum fallenden Protokolle des Wirtschaftlichen Ministerkomitees. Die Protokolle tangieren Angelegenheiten der Außen-, Innen- und Wirtschaftspolitik, des Wiederaufbaus und des Verhältnisses zu den vier Besatzungsmächten; Schwerpunktthemen sind die Ernährung der österreichischen Bevölkerung, die Staatsvertragsverhandlungen sowie die Durchführung des Marshallplans.

Eines der wesentlichen Themen der Holocaust-Forschung ist die Frage nach dem Wissen der Zeitgenossen um die Verfolgung der Juden. Heinrich Wildner (1879-1957) – das zeigen seine Tagebücher der Jahre 1938 bis 1944 – wusste sehr viel. Der kaltgestellte, aber immer noch gut vernetzte ehemalige Spitzendiplomat liefert detaillierte Angaben zu Geschehnissen in Wien, zu Kriegs- und Frontereignissen, zum Verhalten vieler seiner ehemaligen Kollegen und Zeitgenossen aus Verwaltung und Politik, zu Gerüchten, zu Witzen, die im Umlauf waren. Auch die rasch eingetretene antideutschen Stimmung der Bevölkerung kommentierte er. Durchgängig finden sich Hinweise auf nationalsozialistischen Gräueltaten, auf Entrechtung, Verfolgung und Ermordung der jüdischen Bevölkerung in Österreich und in den besetzten Gebieten, auf die Enteignung von Klöstern und Großgrundbesitz von Adeligen, auf Kunstraub, Euthanasie, Zwangsarbeiter und Kriegsverbrechen.Die Texte zeigen von den Inhalten und Formulierungen her eine erschreckende Parallelität zum aktuellen Krieg in der Ukraine. Am 3. September 1939 gibt es den Eintrag: "Übrigens ein merkwürdiger Krieg, er wird gar nicht Krieg genannt, sondern Gewaltanwendung, die der Gewalt entgegengesetzt wird."