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"In 1936, Lloyd Gaines's application to the University of Missouri Law School was denied based on his race. Gaines and the NAACP challenged the university's decision. Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938) was the first in a long line of decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court regarding race, higher education, and equal opportunity. The court case drew national headlines, and the NAACP moved Gaines to Chicago after he received death threats. Before he could attend law school, he vanished. This is the first book to focus entirely on the Gaines case and the vital role played by the NAACP and its lawyers (including Charles Houston, known as "the man who killed Jim Crow") who advanced a concerted strategy to produce political change. Horner and Endersby also discuss the African American newspaper journalists and editors who mobilized popular support for the NAACP's strategy"--Dust jacket

Issues relating to coauthorship are outlined, & findings presented of related empirical tests measuring the extent of research collaboration & multiple authorship found in published articles of social scientists. In a survey of 13 science journals from a variety of disciplines, multiple authorship & name order of research articles were identified & aggregated. Several findings emerged: nearly 50% of articles have joint authors. Disciplines can be characterized by different styles of collaboration. A significant portion of researchers list authorship in alphabetical order. Social science research relies heavily on collaborative activities. Patterns of credited authorship seem influenced by a discipline's norms as well as by its research methodology. 3 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document.

Competing spatial models of voter choice are compared in the context of parliamentary representatives selected through single-member district, plurality elections where party platforms are emphasized over individual candidates. Respondents of the 1987, 1992, & 1997 British general election surveys rate political parties on a series of issue scales. Ordered logistic regressions of party evaluations under proximity, directional, & mixed models reveal that the classic spatial model & the directional model perform equally well. Differences center on perceptions of the status quo, as voters appear to evaluate the incumbent party (here, the Conservatives) slightly differently than minority parties (Labour & the Liberal Democrats). The proximity model works better for voter evaluations of governing parties while the directional model works well for opposition parties. 9 Tables, 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

This study proposes a new application of spatial theory of voting from political science to the field of mass communications. Using national survey data, a spatial model is constructed to test the relative placement of journalists to politicians and parties in a two-dimensional ideological space. The results support the expectation that journalists are driven to maximize their audience in the same manner that politicians maximize votes and thus are located near the center of the ideological space. Related to citizen assessments of politicians and journalists are dimensions of ideology and partisanship and evaluations of news media performance.