Risk and Innovation: Small Companies in Six Industries ; Background Papers Prepared for the NAE Risk and Innovation Study
RISK & INNOVATION -- Copyright -- Contents -- RISK & INNOVATION -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTORS ADDRESSED BY THE PAPERS -- THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL RISK ON OPPORTUNITIES -- UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF POLICIES -- IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH -- ACCESS TO CAPITAL -- IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY -- REFERENCES -- ADVANCED DISPLAYS AND VISUAL SYSTEMS -- INDUSTRY BACKGROUND -- Market Size, Structure, and International Position -- Display Technologies -- Market History -- Consumer Electronics -- Computer Market -- Defense Market -- CURRENT MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUES -- A Critical Technology -- Japanese Business Dominance -- Entry of Korea and Taiwan -- The Dumping Case -- Recent Developments -- New Markets and Applications -- Personal Information Devices -- Virtual Reality Systems -- Portable Computing -- Smart Phones -- Medical Devices -- Avionics -- Military -- Video Capture -- Advanced Television -- THE ROLE OF SMALL COMPANIES -- Product Research and Development -- Manufacturing Research and Development -- Upstream Issues -- Downstream Issues -- Human and External Resource Issues -- Investment, Governance, and Strategy -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX: DESCRIPTIONS OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES -- REFERENCES -- IMPLANTABLEAND SURGICAL MEDICAL DEVICES -- THE MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY AND ITS MARKETS -- SOME SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION -- The Science and Technology Interface -- The Role of Small Versus Large Firms -- University-Industry Interactions -- THE U.S. INNOVATION SYSTEM -- Sources Of Finance -- Venture Capital -- Public Support of Biomedical R&D -- Academic Medical Centers and Physician-Users -- FDA Regulatory Policies -- Health Care Financing Policies -- CONSEQUENCES FOR MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION -- R&D Investment -- The Changing Rate of Medical Device R&D -- The Changing Direction of Medical Device R&D.