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This article considers federations of agricultural co‐operatives as claim‐oriented associations, characterized by integral goals, collective goods and ideological discourse. However, they differ from other claim‐oriented associations, such as farmers' unions, in their tendency toward unitary models for the representation of the interests of agricultural co‐operatives. The authors stress the importance of institutional factors in explaining this panorama. The Spanish case is used as an example of the influence of institutional factors on the process of the establishment of federations of agricultural co‐operatives. In particular, it focuses on decision‐making institutions, at the regional, national and European level, which have oriented such a process toward unitary models of representation.