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The surge in foreign direct investment (FDI)—investment with managerial control by
the foreign investor, usually a multinational corporation—has been the major driver of
globalization in the past two decades and the accelerator of economic development in many
developing countries. It has, however, bypassed Turkey. By all relevant relative measures found in
the United Nations' annual World Investment Report, Turkey has failed to
attract much FDI.

The direct foreign investment (DFI) process refers collectively to the initiation and formalization of the DFI idea, the application to and negotiations with the host-country government for DFI authorization, the implementation of the DFI project, and its actual private profitability relative to the initial and present expectations of the investors. Throughout the analysis of our quantitative findings, we will frequently refer to the results of our interviews with the executives of DFI firms and Turkish government officials. Our objective in doing so will be both to compare the questionnaire results with those of the interviews and to clarify the former in terms of the latter.