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Public procurement is a relatively new practice of the institutions in public sector associated with the new ideas in public management: to take over the business management principles and adapt them to the public institutions, to save the state money, to efficiently distribute and promote public and private sectors. Institutionalism is described of the 19th-20th centuries, especially when the focus is on the social and economic development of the country, economic problems, appropriate solutions for the public and the private sectors in the search, without distinction between primary and secondary institutions, and analyzing them as a whole in the public procurement process. According to an independent economic institutionalism theory direction, the public procurement process can be understood as a set of institutions with an exceptional inter-relationship between purchasers and suppliers, as well as affecting the economic development of the country. The institute in the procurement process consists of: 1) the formal rules governing public procurement procedures, and informal relations between contracting authorities and suppliers, affecting both their mutual relations and their common agreements and economic development activities, 2) the coercive measures imposed to ensure public procurement procedure norms, sanctions and violence in defiance of state of the Republic of Lithuania procurement legislation. In the public sector, public procurement plays a dominant role in procurement services, law enforcement processes, health, social services, education, defense, transport and the environmental issues sectors, and therefore, to achieve public policy objectives and meet civil society needs in the public sector organizations in the procurement volume is much larger than in the private sector. Institutionalism allows the identification of self-formed purchasers and suppliers to separate the network of economic actors' public and private sectors, groups and organizations. In the relationship between individual behavior and analyses of these theories, new institutional economic theory is born. New institutionalism encourages looking at the practical and effective institutions in the procurement process, analyzing not under the ideal conditions of a theoretical model, and according to the public procurement law with the alternative, which allows to extend the micro-economic analysis. In addition to physical and technical limitations inherent in classical institutionalism theory, new institutionalism identified and further analyzed the institutional structure of the society. The institutional structure formed in economic circumstances reflects the situation in the procurement process, the state authorities of the contracting authority must be interested in a cost-effective and/or efficient purchasing, while suppliers (business organizations) – the maximum profit possible after the procurement. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamos institucinės ekonomikos teorijos ir jų dedamosios viešųjų pirkimų procese. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas institucijų ir jų veiklos efektyvumo viešųjų pirkimų procese išgryninimui. Mokslinės literatūros lyginamoji analizė leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad institucinė aplinka yra ekonomikos viešųjų pirkimų proceso organizavimo ir įgyvendinimo augimo pasekmė ar priežastis. Tinkamos institucijos užtikrina nuosavybės teisių apsaugą, žemą korupcijos ir biurokratijos lygį, teisės viršenybės principo įgyvendinimą, formuoja palankią institucinę aplinką ekonomikos augimui ir plėtrai. Efektyvi institucinė struktūra valstybėje sukuria paskatas rinkos dalyviams investuoti į fizinį ir žmogiškąjį kapitalą bei kurti novatoriškus produktus, kurie ilgalaikėje perspektyvoje turi tiesioginį bei teigiamą poveikį šalies ekonomikai.

The article deals with the relation of electronic government (further – e.government) and electronic business (further – e.business)in public procurement. A special focus is on the theory analysis of e.government and e.business, on the legal regulation of publicprocurement in the European Union (further – the EU). The authors of the article analyse public procurement paying attention to theLithuanian membership experience in the EU. They also state the arising problems and difficulties in public procurement. The stateof small and medium-sized business (further – SMB) in the process of implementing public procurement is discussed, too.Key words: electronic government, electronic business, public procurement, transparency.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v9i1.592

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania – in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason – undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article. ; Straipsnyje, remiantis lyginamosios analizės metodu, analizuojama Lietuvos ir Austrijos vietos savivaldos sistema. Autoriai siekia identifikuoti valstybių savivaldos sistemų esminius bruožus, aptaria teisinius vietos savivaldos pagrindus. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas savivaldos santykiams su valstybės institucijomis ir piliečių dalyvavimo vietos savivaldos institucijose galimybių analizei. Straipsnyje daroma išvada, kad Lietuvai būtų tikslinga perimti kai kuriuos Austrijos politinės sistemos elementus, pavyzdžiui, įtraukti bendruomenes į vietos savivaldos sistemą, suteikiant joms juridinį statusą atstovauti ir dalyvauti sprendžiant vietos problemas. Vietos savivalda Austrijos Respublikoje yra regioninė. Tokios savivaldos sistemos esminis skirtumas, palyginti su Lietuvos savivaldos sistema, yra tas, kad vietos savivaldos institucijoms suteikta autonomija ir jos turi suteiktus įgaliojimus veikti bendruomeniniais tikslais.

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania -- in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason -- undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article.

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania -- in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason -- undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article.

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania – in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason – undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.11.3.2502 ; Straipsnyje, remiantis lyginamosios analizės metodu, analizuojama Lietuvos ir Austrijos vietos savivaldos sistema. Autoriai siekia identifikuoti valstybių savivaldos sistemų esminius bruožus, aptaria teisinius vietos savivaldos pagrindus. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas savivaldos santykiams su valstybės institucijomis ir ...

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania -- in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason -- undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article.

Today, in terms of policy as a fundamental phenomenon, often associate with the concept of bureaucracy in two definitions good and bad. Austria's government structure has some unique features, which is important to analyze, given the fact that the Republic of Lithuania in this field must learn. One of the most important principles in Austria is social partnership, which is accompanied by a democratic political factors and a long history of development. The Republic of Austria joined in the EU since 1995 (Lithuania -- in 2004), so the experience and practice of this country is an example for other in local government system is appropriate and purposeful. The Government in the Republic of Lithuania wants to improve the management of the institutional capacity, to manage effectively budget funds, to improve public services for citizens. It is true that the government does not always succeed in achieving those objectives, which are named in the Government program and strategic direction setting of development of Lithuanian documents. Perhaps the most important reason -- undemocratic states and the public in the past. Today's fundamental consequence of the Republic of Austria is extremely stable polar state. They noticed a number of political changes in countries that are now gaining political experience. To assess the stability of the Republic of Austria with local political context, it is important to review the country's legal framework, practical application of the active participation of citizens and local institutions. The main Austrian political system of local government in respect of properties are summarized and analyzed in this article.

The article analyses corrupt practices inherent in public procurement. The existence of the different types of corruption enables authors to examine various cases of corrupt behaviour and motivation for corruption. A comparative analysis of public procurement legislation allows the authors to identify changes in the public procurement process after Lithuania joined the European Union. The study is primarily focused on the objectives of the legislation, types of public procurement, ethics and changes in the public procurement processes. After defining corruption in public procurement, the authors examine the public procurement legislation in Lithuania. The following research methods were used in this study: logical analysis and synthesis, analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and content analysis of the legislation. [.]

The article analyses corrupt practices inherent in public procurement. The existence of the different types of corruption enables authors to examine various cases of corrupt behaviour and motivation for corruption. A comparative analysis of public procurement legislation allows the authors to identify changes in the public procurement process after Lithuania joined the European Union. The study is primarily focused on the objectives of the legislation, types of public procurement, ethics and changes in the public procurement processes. After defining corruption in public procurement, the authors examine the public procurement legislation in Lithuania. The following research methods were used in this study: logical analysis and synthesis, analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and content analysis of the legislation. [.]

The article analyses corrupt practices inherent in public procurement. The existence of the different types of corruption enables authors to examine various cases of corrupt behaviour and motivation for corruption. A comparative analysis of public procurement legislation allows the authors to identify changes in the public procurement process after Lithuania joined the European Union. The study is primarily focused on the objectives of the legislation, types of public procurement, ethics and changes in the public procurement processes. After defining corruption in public procurement, the authors examine the public procurement legislation in Lithuania. The following research methods were used in this study: logical analysis and synthesis, analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and content analysis of the legislation. [.]

The article analyses corrupt practices inherent in public procurement. The existence of the different types of corruption enables authors to examine various cases of corrupt behaviour and motivation for corruption. A comparative analysis of public procurement legislation allows the authors to identify changes in the public procurement process after Lithuania joined the European Union. The study is primarily focused on the objectives of the legislation, types of public procurement, ethics and changes in the public procurement processes. After defining corruption in public procurement, the authors examine the public procurement legislation in Lithuania. The following research methods were used in this study: logical analysis and synthesis, analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis and content analysis of the legislation. [.]