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It is disputed whether energy consumption is necessarily related to economic output. It must at least be recognized that energy consumption per capita has risen with development. In the US, transportation energy consumption per unit of national output is considerably higher than in European nations, due largely to low population densities & to passenger travel. In particular, gasoline use has been limited by excise taxes in Europe, while subsidies for automobiles have been provided by US policies. The residential & commercial sectors of the US economy use more energy than those of the European economies, due to differences in heating & lighting practices. In manufacturing & power generation, the US is a little less efficient than other nations, & its inefficiencies are due to the need to supply its other sectors. The correlation of energy use with economic productivity is not rigid; it is possible that the US could become substantially more efficient by learning from the European countries. 2 Tables. W. H. Stoddard.

The editors of Comparative Politics appreciated the article by Stephen Yoder and Brittany Bramlett on journal transparency both for the wealth of data it contained and for the authors' efforts to identify professional dilemmas that can arise from a "lack of transparency" in the procedures of many political science journals. In surveying the editors of the top thirty political science journals, Yoder and Bramlett found that most journals do not publicly release submission and decision data, which they suggest may owe in part to poor recordkeeping due to staff shortages, rapid staff turnover, and the migration of journals from one sponsoring institution to another.

During the past decade, scholars have produced a substantial body of literature on the negative impact of advanced industrial capitalism upon the Third World. These writings, now referred to as dependency theory, lead us to examine the ways in which foreign governments, trade unionists, industrial, commercial, and financial interests, as well as international organizations, bolster the Latin American ruling classes, providing them with resources they would not otherwise possess (see Chilcote, 1974b; Latin American Perspectives, I, (Spring 1974) and II, (Spring 1975): 7-66, 136-148). Most dependency analysts concentrate on the international productive, financial, and trading systems and, especially, on the relationships between them and their counterpart systems in Third World countries. Few of these writers, however, make explicit the ways in which dependent integration into the world capitalist economy has affected the Latin American working classes. We begin this task here.

Although the volume of research on latin america has increased markedly in the past decade or so, major topics remain neglected. One of these encompasses the urban working class (wage labor) and worker organizations. This situation, however, is changing. Scholars today are opening new lines of investigation and are applying fresh criteria to existing data in order to formulate working hypotheses and test older theories about organized labor and the working class in Latin America. This article presents a brief, highly selective analysis of new and traditional materials available for Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. It treats the urban sectors and labor in modernized enclaves in rural areas almost exclusively; related topics such as peasant unions and rural labor in general fall outside its scope. It outlines areas and problems that future investigators might probe and also presents some hypotheses. Perhaps most important, it attempts to orient future investigators in the field.