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"In the seventeenth century, English economic theorists lost interest in the moral status of exchange and became increasingly concerned with the roots of national prosperity. This shift marked the origins of classical political economy and provided the foundation for the contemporary discipline of economics. The seventeenth-century revolution in economic thought fundamentally reshaped the way economic processes have been interpreted and understood. In Trade and Nation, Emily Erikson brings together historical, comparative, and computational methods to explain the institutional forces that brought about this transformation. Erikson pinpoints how the rise of the company form in confluence with the political marginalization of English merchants created an opening for public argumentation over economic matters. Independent merchants, who were excluded from state institutions and vast areas of trade, confronted the power and influence of crown-endorsed chartered companies. Their distance from the halls of government drove them to take their case to the public sphere. The number of merchant-authored economic texts rose as members of this class sought to show that their preferred policies would contribute to the benefit of the state and commonwealth. In doing so, they created and disseminated a new moral framework of growth, prosperity, and wealth for evaluating economic behavior. By using computational methods to document these processes, Trade and Nation provides both compelling evidence and a prototype for how methodological innovations can help to provide new insights into large-scale social processes."

A masterful introduction to and appreciation of sociology as a window into our world.

Chartered companies, the organizational precursors to modern multinationals, acted as the primary vehicles behind the expansion of European political and economic hegemony, and were thus central to the creation of modern global political and economic institutions, and international trade and relations. This volume covers the evolution of the chartered company form, beginning with one of the earliest known chartered organizations, Casa di San Giorgio, founded in 1407. Also included are the Merchant Adventurers, the Levant Company, the English and Dutch East India Companies, Royal African Company, and Hudson's Bay Company. Collectively, the contributions employ comparative methods, archival research, case studies, statistical analyses, computational models, network analyses, and new theoretical conceptualizations to map out the complex interactions that took place within the companies between state and commercial actors in and across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas interactions that renegotiated and ultimately institutionalized what were to become modern conceptions of public and private and defined many of the political and economic structures of capitalism.

Especially during the last two decades consulting companies established themselves in the international marketplace. In times of globalization particularly emerging economies, such as Brazil, are experiencing an upward trend and join the global players. The term LEAN consulting became frequently used in this context and plays a major role in the Brazilian consulting market nowadays. This study develops recommendations for the market entry of management consulting companies into the Brazilian market. The implication of the term Lean in the context of the consulting business and its future potential in Brazil is examined, supported by an evaluation of the target market. The outcome of the theoretical part is then being compared with empirical findings which are conducted via a Delphi Study. The empirial part clearly identifies that the most promising strategy for doing business in Brazil is intensive networking and new ventures should enter the market only with professional support from Brazilian partners who are more familiar with the peculiarities of the market. These and other interesting facts are delivered at the end of the study, providing a guide for new potential consulting businesses that want to enter the Brazilian LEAN market.

En 2007, un fonds controversé pour l'égalité des sexes a été introduit dans les négociations collectives en Suède afin de réduire l'écart de rémunération entre les hommes et les femmes. Le présent article explore le conflit suscité par ce fonds pour mettre en lumière les raisons pour lesquelles il était si controversé. Il vise également à approfondir les connaissances concernant la possibilité d'introduire une perspective intersectionnelle dans le programme de négociation, qui tienne compte à la fois du genre et de la classe. Les résultats empiriques démontrent que la controverse résidait dans des différences dans la façon de conceptualiser les inégalités sur le marché du travail. Sur le plan théorique, l'article illustre les difficultés liées à l'application pratique d'une perspective intersectionnelle.