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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the trustor's responsibility‐attributions for a trust violation and the trustee's frequency of prior violations on the subsequent erosion of trust in the relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 120 middle‐senior level managers using a two‐part scenario‐based experimental design to test the impact of attributions and frequency of violations. Respondents' levels of trust and distrust were measured pre‐ and post‐violation as well as forgiving and a range of demographic variables.FindingsResults showed that trust eroded (and distrust increased) more when trustors perceived the trustees as not wanting to fulfill the trust‐expectations than when they could not do so. Further, trustors were willing to tolerate a maximum of two violations before trust in the relationship eroded significantly. The results also showed that trustors who were relatively more forgiving were less likely to lose trust in the trustee after a violation, as were younger and less experienced individuals.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough scenario‐based experiments assess the cognitive states of the respondents rather than actual behaviors, they serve as a valuable first step. By highlighting the two‐step sequence that may underlie the trust erosion process and emphasizing the importance of using an attributional perspective, the paper invites future research on a range of factors such as patterns of violation, degrees of damage, etc. Collectively, they ought to lead to an integrated model of trust erosion.Practical implicationsFor practicing managers, the results underscore the importance of maintaining trust by constantly meeting expectations. While they may be forgiven for one‐time mistakes in maintaining trust, they cannot be repeated without severely damaging the trust in the relationship. Also, employees need to be convinced that the erring manager or colleague has done his/her very best to prevent the violation.Originality/valueThis paper addresses an under‐investigated facet of trust research in organizations – erosion of trust – which is especially crucial in light of the growing awareness that most organizational relationships actually start off with high levels of trust rather than low trust. Thus, this study offers insights into maintaining (as opposed to building) trust.

"Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen ist eine Interdependenz zwischen den institutionellen Vorkehrungen und der gelebten persönlichen Partizipation zwischen Führungskräften und Mitarbeitern. Österreich und Deutschland entwickelten nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg eine Tradition konsensorientierter 'Governance' sowohl auf der Ebene des Gesamtwirtschaftssystems als auch auf der Ebene der Betriebe, die in Folge von Führungskräften in deren persönlichen Partizipationsentscheidungen gegenüber den Mitarbeitern verinnerlicht wurde. In der vorliegenden Langzeitstudie (1985-2005) wird unter Einsatz des Vroom/ Yetton-Führungsmodells (1973) der Frage nachgegangen, ob die in den letzten Jahren zu beobachtenden Symptome zunehmenden Egoismus auf der Ebene des Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftssystems und des Topmanagements auch eine Auswirkung auf die persönliche Partizipation zwischen Führungskräften und ihren Mitarbeitern zeigen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass, obwohl das Führungsverhalten generell sehr stabil ist, in den letzten Jahren eine Tendenz zu mehr zeiteffizienten/ autokratischen Verhaltensweisen auf Kosten partizipativer Strategien und sozialer Kompetenz zu beobachten ist." (Autorenreferat)

Prejudiced attitudes and political nationalism vary widely around the world, but there has been little research on what predicts this variation. Here we examine the ecological and cultural factors underlying the worldwide distribution of prejudice. We suggest that cultures grow more prejudiced when they tighten cultural norms in response to destabilizing ecological threats. A set of seven archival analyses, surveys, and experiments (∑N = 3,986,402) find that nations, American states, and pre-industrial societies with tighter cultural norms show the most prejudice based on skin color, religion, nationality, and sexuality, and that tightness predicts why prejudice is often highest in areas of the world with histories of ecological threat. People's support for cultural tightness also mediates the link between perceived ecological threat and intentions to vote for nationalist politicians. Results replicate when controlling for economic development, inequality, conservatism, residential mobility, and shared cultural heritage. These findings offer a cultural evolutionary perspective on prejudice, with implications for immigration, intercultural conflict, and radicalization. ; publishedVersion

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Cecilia Reyna was incorrectly associated with 'Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC). Facultad de Psicologia (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. de la Reforma esquina, Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Cordoba, Argentina.' instead of the correct 'Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), CABA, Republica Argentina.' This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.