Suchergebnisse

ABSTRAC Snouck Hurgronje is a very controversial figure in the history of colonialism in Indonesia. As a prominent colonial scientist and advisor, he has succeeded in building the foundations of thought which were then adopted by the Dutch colonial government as the Inlands Policy which strictly separates the three main problems in the religious life of Muslims in Indonesia; ritual matters, muamalah and politics. This paper shows that the separation between religious rituals and other important aspects such as muamalah and politics has an impact on the deformalization of Islamic law in Indonesia which has placed Islamic law as an inferior legal institution. Whereas the depoliticization of Islamic politics, has weakened the ideology of Islamic politics, some of whose impacts are still felt until today. Keywords: Snouck Hurgronje, Islam, Law, Politics. ABSTRAK Snouck Hurgronje adalah sosok yang sangat kontroversial dalam sejarah kolonialisme di Indonesia. Sebagai seorang ilmuwan dan penasehat kolonial yang terkemuka, Ia telah berhasil membangun dasar-dasar pemikiran yang kemudian diadopsi pemerintah kolianl Belanda sebagai Inlands Policy yang memisahkan secara ketat tiga masalah utama dalam kehidupan kegamaan umat Islam di Indonesia; masalah ritual, muamalah dan politik. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemisahan antara ritual keagamaan dan aspek-aspek penting lainnya seperti muamalah dan politik telah berdampak terhadap deformalisasi hukum Islam di Indonesia yang telah menempatkan hukum Islam sebagai pranata hukum yang inferior. Sedangkan depolitisasi politik Islam, telah melemahkan ideologi politik Islam yang sebagian dampaknya masih terasa hingga kini. Kata Kunci: Snouck Hurgronje, Islam, Hukum, Politik.

This paper aims to examine the political practice of symbol in the arena of local politics in Indonesia, by taking the focus on how the symbol is interpreted and used for various purposes, as a phenomenon that occurs in Fakfak (a Small town in West Papua). Based on qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews and the results of observation field in Fakfak during the period 2012 to 20013, discovered three things that can be explained in this paper, first, the propaganda about The Furnace Three Stone as a symbol of harmony and peace in Fakfak, was accompanied the process of manipulation of symbols to various political interests of power. Second, the process of manipulating the symbols carried by mastering the control of the authority of interpretation and meaning (meaning regime) and conquered the power of civil society and local leaders to eliminate their critical reasoning. Third, this study shows that a political symbol at a certain level can create harmony and social stability, as evident from the low conflictual events in Fakfak. But socially, the politicization of the symbol will turn off the philosophical ideal values to be displayed and built through the symbol. Longer-term implications are potentially avoid appreciation and tend to gain public sympathy and antipathy deficit of meaning and the people in the future

The dynamics of peace in Ambon have been getting stronger during the last ten years, but to what extent this phenomenon can be considered as a solid basis for peace, would require a critical analysis. This paper is the result of field research on peace in Ambon using the theory of "peace architecture" developed by Luc Reychland (2006). The results of the analysis obtained several important conclusions. First, the peace process in the city of Ambon has been going on in a participatory manner in various aspects of life. Second, in an architectural perspective as put forward by Reychland, the peace in Ambon has sufficient potential to develop into a structure of peace which is getting stronger. It is characterized by the strengthening of an increasingly inclusive dialog and communication between citizens, as well as the effectiveness of public arenas such as markets, offices, schools and coffee shops as a medium of integration. It is also supported by the accommodative practices of economic and political transformation. Third, in line with the positive development, the public still need to be reminded of radical religious ideas and identity politics that are harmful to the sustainability of peace.

The social dynamics in post-conflict Ambon, Maluku, 1999-2004, indicated that even though people were segregated in the Islamic-Christian areas, gradually social integration began to occur naturally. The process of integration that occurred also gave birth to new values and inclusive views that give hope to future peace building. Using the theory of social integration of dynamic adaptation of the Parsonian structural-functional classic paradigm and combined with a qualitative research model, this study successfully formulated several important findings. First, social integration occurred in the city of Ambon could run naturally through economic interactions, consensus on political balance and inclusive religious spirit. In addition, the presence of public spaces such as offices, schools, malls and coffee shops served as a natural integration medium that is increasingly important in the dynamics of the society. Second, the new social integration has created an increasingly important meaning that leads to a model of active harmony characterized by a process of the increasingly active social interaction between different religions, as well as strengthening pluralism and multiculturalism insight due to campaign by educational institutions and civil society groups. Third, this study also reminds us that although there has been a process of the increasingly positive social integration in Ambon city, people still need to be aware of the growth of radical religious ideologies at a certain level, and also of strengthening identity politics in the long run that will potentially give birth to primordial and ethnocentric attitudes that are harmful to the development of peace.

Maluku conflict (Ambon) occurred in 1999 to 2003 is one of the most heartbreaking human tragediesin the history of Modern Indonesia. Various attempts have been made by the government to resolve theconflict, including by carrying out Malino Agreement for Maluku. This paper discusses the process ofimplementation of the Malino Agreement and analyzes the impact on the resolution of Malukuconflict. By using methods of descriptive analysis and a qualitative approach, this study can presentsome important findings. First, the Malino Agreement is one strategy (policy) to resolve SARA(racial)conflict well and democratically. It is seen from the atmosphere of the negotiation which is peaceful,honest and democratic. Parties had 11 points of peace agreement due to a strong desire to end theconflict in Maluku. Second, the Malino Agreement has brought positive impacst, i.e lack of escalationof conflict and violence in Maluku, even a year since the Malino Agreement, the peace has beenenforced in Maluku. However, this paper also found that conflict resolution model such as Malinoagreement still needs refinement, as Malino Agreement factually succeeded in pushing the cessation ofconflict, but substantively has not resolved various problems that trigger conflicts in Maluku.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa dinamika sosial kemasyarakatan di Papua ternyata tidak selalu menghadirkan cerita tentang konflik dan disintegrasi, tetapi juga tentang harmoni dan perdamaian sebagaimana yang terjadi pada masyarakat Fakfak di Prop. Papua Barat. Dengan metode deskriptif analysis terhadap data-data kualitatif yang dikumpulkan dari observasi lapangan, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi, penulis berhasil memperoleh beberapa temuan penting. Pertama, agama dan budaya berperan penting dalam melahirkan norma-norma sosial yang harmonis yang mempengaruhi praktik-praktik sosial individu hingga pada arena sosial yang lebih luas seperti politik dan ekonomi. Kedua, proses pelembagaan nilai dan norma didukung oleh pemerintah dan kekuatan civil society yang memiliki misi yang sama untuk mempromosikan harmoni dan perdamaian. Namun tulisan ini juga mengingatkan bahwa isu-isu konflik, seperti separatismme dan radikalisme agama, bila tidak ditangani dengan hati-hati bisa merusak integrasi sosial di Fakfak.

This study shows that the long historical process associated with Islam in West Papua has an impact on defining a unique identity, and significantly interrelating Islam, Papuanness and Indonesianness. The data in this study were collected for three months in Fakfak of West Papua eploying methods of observation, interview and documentation. There were some key informants being the data sources consisting of religious leaders, community leaders and government employees. Two impotrant findings are found in this work. First, the presence of Islam in Papua has significantly contributed to the formation of the identity of the Fakfak community in Papua through an intense and strong acculturation process between Islam and local Papuan culture. This process has formed new inclusive and tolerant values that are reflected in the local wisdom of satu tungku tiga batu (one stove with three stones). Second, Islam and Papuanness in Fakfak appear to have certain implications on the formation of Indonesian (national) identity. Theoretically, this research shows that identity is not something fixed and natural, but a process that is constantly changing, with regard to the socio-political dynamics that affect it. That is why Papuan Muslims strive to continue to define themselves amid the construction of Papuan identity which is often defined as Christian and Melanesian.

The existence of private higher education in the regions in this era of decentralization is a dilemma. On the one hand, they need local government assistance to grow and develop in order to contribute to regional development, but on the other hand the local government cannot help optimally because various existing regulations are hampered. This makes the local government to help universities in the region in various ways and without clear standards. After examining this phenomenon in Maluku, this study found several interesting findings. First, basically the regional government has tried to be involved in the development of higher education in the regions, but in terms of providing assistance there is no clear policy standard. Assistance provided by local governments is often based on the "good relationship" that exists between local governments and university administrators. In such a relationship, aspects of political interest appear to be more dominant, so that many university managers are trapped in it. Second, in the future it is necessary to create a strong legal basis as the basis for the authority to involve local governments in assisting the development of higher education in the regions. These legal norms can be included in the laws and regulations concerning local government as well as in the laws and regulations concerning universities. AbstrakEksistensi pendidikan tinggi swasta yang berada di daerah pada era desntralisasi ini sangatlah dilematis. Di satu sisi mereka membutuhkan bantuan pemerintah daerah untuk tumbuh dan berkembang guna memberi kontribusi bagi pembangunan di daerah, namun disisi yang lain pemerintah daerah tidak bisa membantu secara maksimal karena terhambat berbagai regulasi yang ada. Hal ini membuat pemerintah daerah membantu perguruan tinggi di daerah dengan berbagai cara dan tanpa standar yang jelas. Setelah meneliti fenomena tersebut di Maluku, maka studi ini menemukan beberapa temuan menarik. Pertama, pada dasarnya pemerintah daerag telah berusaha untuk terlibat dalam ...