Suchergebnisse

Um ⁠Treibhausgas⁠-Neutralität (THG-Neutralität) bis 2045 zu erreichen, sind die Steigerung der Senkenleistung der Wälder und die Erhöhung des Holzproduktspeichers, basierend auf einer nachhaltigen und effizienten Holznutzung, von herausragender Bedeutung. In dem Faktenpapier wird dargestellt, welche Hebel für den stärkeren Waldklimaschutz und für die Verlängerung der Speicherleistung von Holzprodukten, durch weniger energetische und mehr stoffliche Holznutzung, notwendig sind. Die Zusammenschau bezieht sich auf den neuesten Ergebnissen von Reise et al. (2024) und weiterer Literatur. Der Bericht von Reise et al. (2024) ist Teil eines Projekts im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamts, das vom Öko-Institut, Fraunhofer IEE und Fraunhofer ISI durchgeführt wird (FKZ 3720 41 506 0). Dabei werden in sektorübergreifenden Szenarien Maßnahmen und Instrumente für das Erreichen von THG-Neutralität in 2045 modelliert.

This report summarises key aspects that should be accounted for in the design of policy instruments to support the implementation of climate-friendly soil management measures. It outlines overarching aspects that need to be considered for any type of policy instruments, including land use competition, impacts on soil health, biodiversity impacts, ownership and rights to use of soils and social impacts. Furthermore, aspects that are relevant for all types of results-based funding schemes are elaborated upon, including additionality, determining the SOC content of soils, determining baselines avoiding carbon leakage, addressing non-permanence, jurisdictional vs. project-based approaches and ex-ante vs. ex-post crediting. Particular risks exist for transfer-based mechanisms which are a subset of result-based payment approaches. These challenges must be considered and addressed for policy instruments to deliver robust mitigation through soil carbon.

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) build synergies between biodiversity conservation and societal challenges such as climate change. This paper derives a working definition of NbS based on an evaluation of existing definitions, in particular the IUCN (2016) definition. It comprises the key elements of the existing definitions that we believe to be important to inform the scope of this study. It critically assesses the global mitigation potential of NbS in relevant studies for forests, croplands, grasslands, terrestrial and coastal wetlands as well as settlements. Recommendations for international climate policy are derived. The study finds that it is likely that NbS potentials provided by scientific literature overestimate the realistic potential of NbS for climate change mitigation. This is due to a lack of integrated studies, overly optimistic assumptions on land availability as well as the quality of available information. Furthermore, the influence of measures on GHG fluxes, uncertainties related to carbon fluxes and quantification methodologies as well as climate impacts are not taken into account. The majority of studies evaluating the mitigation potential of NbS focus on the technical mitigation potential. General ecological constraints such as existing threats to ecosystems, and biodiversity impacts, land use conflicts and other social, cultural and political barriers as well as the risk of non-permanence further limit mitigation potentials. The success of NbS to mitigate climate change and deliver ecological and social co-benefits will very much depend on eliminating direct and indirect pressures on ecosystems caused by current patterns of production and consumption. Nevertheless, the uncertainties related to the quantification of mitigation effects of NbS should not be used as an argument against their implementation. Neither should they be used as an excuse to delay ambitious mitigation action to reduce emissions. In the UNFCCC negotiation process, information on NbS in biennial transparency reports may serve as a basis for technical discussion to improve methodologies and indicators to assess how NbS contribute to achieving NDCs and to make further financial support available. In implementing activities under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, the specific risks related to NbS must be taken into account. In the development of processes or support schemes to foster NbS, social and environmental safeguards need to be put in place. Coherence with work under other international policy frameworks such as the other Rio Conventions is required to foster synergies.

This report assesses options for the effective implementation of sustainable development impact assessment, in the context of climate change mitigation mechanisms such as those of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Existing carbon crediting programmes were analysed to draw insights on the best approaches for sustainable development impact assessment and the use ofindicators.The requirements of sustainable development assessment cannot be generalised,but rather the appropriate complexity, rigour and granularity shoulddepend on the rationale of the programme with regards to the intended use of the assessment results and potential commodification of outcomes.More complex and rigorous approaches to sustainable development impact assessment may help to improve understanding of the project impact, but may also result in additional transaction coststhat could be unnecessary for some purposes.From the analysis of existing project-level indicators for sustainable development impact assessment, we derive lessonsand pragmatic solutionsfor the effective use of indicators and measures to decrease complexity and associated transaction costswhile safeguarding a reliable assessment of the sustainable impact of activities. This includes a discussion on the provision of flexibility in MRVapproaches, as well as the identification ofpotential links to internationally accepted benchmarks and accessible data sources, amongst other solutions.We set outa criteria based checklist for the formulation of objective and comparable indicators and assess whethe rexisting indicators can be optimized with regards to their specificity and the type of expression in their formulation.Lastly, we assess approaches for safeguarding against potential negative impacts, finding that stakeholder consultation and grievance mechanisms are essential to identify and respond to unforeseen negative impacts, and that pre-defined indicators are useful yet not alone sufficient towards that objective.

Welche Treibhausgasminderung bis 2030 sieht das ⁠UBA⁠ als notwendig an? Und wie können diese erreicht werden? Aus Sicht des Umweltbundesamtes sollte eine Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen in Deutschland bis 2030 um mindestens 70 Prozent und bis 2040 um mindestens 90 Prozent gegenüber 1990 erreicht werden. Dieses Papier zeigt die dafür notwendigen Schritte und ebnet den nachhaltigen Weg in ein treibhausgasneutrales Wirtschaftssystem. Es werden für die Bereich Energie, Verkehr, Gebäude, Industrie, Landwirtschaft und ⁠LULUCF⁠ (Senken) sektorübergreifende und sektorspezifische Klimaschutzmaßnahmen und -instrumente erörtert, die schnellstmöglich zu implementieren sind, um diese Minderungsziele zu erreichen.