Este documento constituye un aporte a la comprensi?n de la forma como el cooperativismo ha incidido y puede incidir en la consolidaci?n de la econom?a colombiana, el desarrollo socioecon?mico, la generaci?n de empleo, el fortalecimiento de la democracia, la participaci?n ciudadana, la disminuci?n de la pobreza y, en general, al desarrollo humano integral.
non-peer-reviewed ; The 'European Green Deal' attributes a pivotal role to the decarbonisation of the EU energy system in order to reach climate objectives in 2030 and 2050. Photovoltaic energy (PV), among the plethora of renewable energies, can greatly contribute to EU energy system transition. A recent study carried out by the Joint Research Centre shows that, inter alia, the yield, quality and long-term performance of PV modules present an improvement potential, which could be tackled by means of regulatory instruments, such as the Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Regulation. In standardisation terms, the durability of a product, intended as an estimator of its technical lifetime, can be defined as the 'ability to function as required, until a limiting state is reached'. The PV modules have a typical annual degradation rate of 0.8%-1%, which leads to 80% of the initial nameplate rating at 20-25 years.
Con este art?culo se pretende identificar d?nde se ubica la din?mica actual del sector cooperativo y solidario. Para lograr este objetivo se consulta a expertos sobre el escenario en que transita este sector actualmente, revisando el cumplimiento o no de los objetivos estrat?gicos planteados en el trabajo titulado ?Aplicaci?n del modelo prospectivo estrat?gico al sector cooperativo colombiano. Horizonte: a?o 2031? publicado en 2014 por el Instituto de Estudios del Ministerio P?blico. De igual forma, se busc? evidencias en documentos publicados por organismos del Estado y del propio sector. El principal hallazgo de este trabajo se relaciona con la ubicaci?n del sector en un estado similar al de hace cinco a?os, con algunos avances importantes, pero no suficientes para considerar transformaciones que lleven a escenarios distintos de mayor incidencia en la vida de las regiones en que se desarrolla. Lo anterior nos lleva a concluir que, de seguir este estado de las cosas en el sector, su desarrollo ser? influenciado por la fuerza de las din?micas externas, bien sea de los movimientos sociales o de la instrumentalizaci?n de los gobernantes de turno, como se ha observado hist?ricamente.
Organic and hybrid perovskite based solar cells have a huge potential to significantly contribute to a clean electricity supply of the future. However, so far they exhibit complex and hierarchical degradation paths and their understanding can only be acquired through the application of complementary chemical and physical characterization techniques. This limited device stability is the main hurdle for a successful and large scale market introduction of these emerging solar cell technologies. Our StableNextSol Action has created a highly interdisciplinary network of laboratories, as well as corresponding industry, overall more than 120 partners, with complementary analytical techniques for the study and understanding of the degradation mechanisms occurring in state-of-the-art devices. Our Action integrates and generates fundamental knowledge and expertise to foster disruptive innovations targeted to mitigate device failure and to propose and develop new concepts for more stable solar cells. Value is added to the entire value chain of photovoltaic research at European and international level, as well as variety decision makers in the public sector by supporting specialisation policy and standards still lacking in this research field. The outcome of the Action will contribute to resolve the global challenges facing the industry and this COST Action initiative has brought together all these expertises and resources to promote the cooperation between different sectors, academia, public authorities and industry.
Aim We describe the effectiveness and safety of the interferon-free regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir with or without ribavirin (OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV) in a nationwide representative sample of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected population in Spain. Material and methods Data were collected from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 or 4, with or without HIV-1 coinfection, treated with OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV at 61 Spanish sites within the initial implementation year of the first government-driven "National HCV plan." Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) and compared between monoinfected and coinfected patients using a non-inferiority margin of 5% and a 90% confidence interval (CI). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or patients and adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. Results Overall, 2, 408 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 386 (16%) were patients with HIV/HCV. Patient selection reflected the real distribution of patients treated in each participating region in Spain. From the total population, 96.6% (95% CI, 95.8–97.3%) achieved SVR12. Noninferiority of SVR12 in coinfected patients was met, with a difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients of -2.2% (90% CI, -4.5% - 0.2%). Only genotype 4 was associated with non-response to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV treatment (p<0.001) in the multivariate analysis. Overall, 286 patients (11.9%) presented AEs potentially related to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV, whereas 347 (29.0%) presented AEs potentially related to ribavirin and 61 (5.1%) interrupted ribavirin. Conclusions Our results confirm that OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV is effective and generally well tolerated in a representative sample of the HCV monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected population in Spain within the experience of a national strategic plan to tackle HCV.
The design, study conduct, and financial support for the study were provided by AbbVie (https://www.abbvie.com/). AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the manuscript. Medical writing and editing services were provided by Medical Statistics Consulting (MSC) and funded by AbbVie. ; Aim We describe the effectiveness and safety of the interferon-free regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir with or without ribavirin (OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV) in a nationwide representative sample of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected population in Spain. Material and methods Data were collected from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 or 4, with or without HIV-1 coinfection, treated with OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV at 61 Spanish sites within the initial implementation year of the first government-driven "National HCV plan." Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) and compared between monoinfected and coinfected patients using a non-inferiority margin of 5% and a 90% confidence interval (CI). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or patients and adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. Results Overall, 2,408 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 386 (16%) were patients with HIV/HCV. Patient selection reflected the real distribution of patients treated in each participating region in Spain. From the total population, 96.6% (95% CI, 95.8-97.3%) achieved SVR12. Noninferiority of SVR12 in coinfected patients was met, with a difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients of −2.2% (90% CI, −4.5% - 0.2%). Only genotype 4 was associated with non-response to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV treatment (p<0.001) in the multivariate analysis. Overall, 286 patients (11.9%) presented AEs potentially related to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV, whereas 347 (29.0%) presented AEs potentially related to ribavirin and 61 (5.1%) interrupted ribavirin. Conclusions ...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.