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SUMMARY:
В статье Айлин Эспириту рассматривается процесс политизации и социальной мобилизации "малых народов Севера" Российской Федерации. Автор исследует эти процессы с конца 1970-х годов и обсуждает проблемы формирования этнической и национальной идентичности "малых народов Севера" в контексте усилий советского строя по созданию национальных и этнических элит – с одной стороны, и безжалостной эксплуатации природных ресурсов Крайнего Севера – с другой стороны.

Автор делает вывод о том, что, несмотря на значительные проблемы, проявившиеся в постсоветской России (экономическое запустение, социальный кризис, исчезновение большинства социальных и политических гарантий "малым народам"), именно этот период ознаменовался беспрецедентной мобилизацией "малых народов" вокруг вопросов культуры, этничности и сохранения окружающей среды.

Source: http://www.barentsinfo.org/barentsstudies/English/Issues/2015-vol1-3 ; When the 1993 Kirkenes Declaration was ratified, the governments of Russia, Finland, Sweden, and Norway "expressed their conviction that expanded co-operation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region (BEAR) will contribute substantially to stability and progress in the area and in Europe as a whole." (Kirkenes Declaration 1993). Over 20 years later, and as we move forward, this goal is even more important and urgent as Europe and Russia find themselves on opposite sides of a geopolitical conflict in Russia's southern borders with Ukraine. Economic sanctions employed by both sides have placed a significant halt to the trading and economic exchange between Russia and the rest of the Barents Region – the Northern municipalities of Norway, Finland, and Sweden. These have had significant impact on small and large communities that have relied on the economic, social, and cultural interrelationship across the Schengen-Russia border zones.

There are currently high hopes in the Barents Region for economic growth, higheremployment and improved well-being, encouraged by developments in the energy industry,tourism and mining. The article discusses these prospects from the perspectiveof local communities in five locations in the region, which spans the northernmostcounties of Finland, Norway, Sweden and Northwest Russia. The communities studiedare remote, relatively small, multicultural, and dependent on natural resources. Thesalient dynamic illuminated in the research is how ideas of sustainability and neoliberalgovernance meet in community development. While the two governmentalities oftenconflict, they sometimes also complement one another, posing a paradox that raisesconcerns over the social aspect of sustainable development in particular. The articleis based on international, multidisciplinary research drawing on interviews as well asstatistical and documentary analysis ; Godkänd; 2014; 20140502 (thoejd)