Suchergebnisse

This study examined the relationship of group cohesion to attitude and control beliefs toward exercise in a sample of older adults within the broader framework of the theory of planned behavior (N = 179, 27% male, average age = 67 years, SD = 7.77). Perceptions of task and social cohesion were assessed as well as attitude toward exercise, perceptions of control over attendance, and exercise intention. Following the assessment of the cognitive variables, exercise attendance was monitored for 4 weeks. Results revealed that task cohesion was related to perceptions of control (p < .05), whereas social cohesion was related to attitude toward exercise (p < .05). In turn, perceptions of control were related to intention to exercise (p < .01), and intention to exercise and perceptions of control were related to exercise class attendance (p < .01). Contrary to predictions, task cohesion did add to the prediction of attitude, but attitude was not related to exercise intentions.

This study investigated the potential moderating effects of productivity norms and identifiability of effort on the cohesion-performance relationship in team sports. The design was a 2 (high cohesion, low cohesion)× 2 (high productivity norm, low productivity norm)× 2 (high identifiability of an individual's effort, low identifiability of an individual's effort) factorial. Each participant (n = 324) read one of eight scenarios, with cohesion, norms, and identifiability systematically rotated, and indicated the probability that the individual would train during the off-season. An ANOVA showed a main effect for cohesion, F( 1, 316) = 113.44, p < .0001, and norms, F( 1, 316) = 19.61, p < .0001), and an interaction between cohesion and norms, F( 1, 316) = 7.35, p = .007. The probability of off-season training was significantly higher for the high-cohesion-high-norms scenario than for the high-cohesion-low-norms scenario, with no differences under conditions of low cohesion. Directions for future research are discussed.

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar a tradução e a adaptação do modelo RE-AIM (Reach = Alcance, Eficácia/Efetividade, Adoção, Implementação, Manutenção) para a realidade brasileira por meio do processo de tradução, retrotradução, adaptação cultural e posterior avaliação de equivalência por especialistas, amostra da população-alvo e equipe de pesquisadores. O RE-AIM visa instrumentalizar gestores de programas, avaliadores, leitores de artigos científicos e fontes financiadoras com ferramentas e estratégias, destacando elementos essenciais de programas para adoção sustentável e implementação eficaz focados na prevenção de agravos e promoção da saúde, podendo ser aplicado em todos os âmbitos do Modelo Socioecológico, atentando para todos os níveis de influência que podem ser abordados a fim de se apoiar as escolhas de estilo de vida saudável em longo prazo. O RE-AIM proporciona um método para avaliar o potencial ou o real impacto na saúde coletiva em programas e intervenções com capacidade para colaborar na consolidação do SUS na prática.Descritores: Avaliação em Saúde; Programas, Tradução; Adaptação; Comparação Transcultural.

Purpose. To determine the relationships between delivery agents' physical activity characteristics and subsequent adoption of a physical activity promotion program for community implementation. Methods. Agents responsible for county health promotion in Kansas (n = 91; 94.5% women; mean age = 43.0 ± 11) completed interviews that assessed physical activity self-efficacy, value, and participation. Subsequent implementation of a physical activity program was monitored. The response rate was 100%. Results. Fifty-five percent of the agents met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for physical activity, 35% were active but did not meet CDC recommendations, and 10% were inactive. On the basis of logistic regression analysis (Wald statistic = 7.63; p < .05), agents who met recommendations were more likely to adopt the program for their county (69%) than were agents who were less active (41%) and inactive (11%). Discussion. The data suggest that increasing the proportion of delivery agents who meet the CDC recommendations for physical activity could be related with a higher proportion of communities implementing physical activity programs.

A dimensão Implementação do RE-AIM avalia a fidelidade ao protocolo de tratamento e seus custos relacionados. Neste estudo, um programa comunitário de atividade física e consumo de frutas e vegetais baseado em evidências foi implementado por educadores em saúde no âmbito do Sistema de Extensão Cooperativa. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar: 1) a medida em que os educadores em saúde aderiram aos princípios subjacentes e 2) o tempo necessário para planejar, recrutar e executar a intervenção. Dezesseis educadores em saúde (100,0%) que aplicaram o programa completaram um questionário que incluiu itens sobre os requisitos de tempo e protocolo de tratamento. Verificou-se que os educadores em saúde aderiam aos três princípios subjacentes do programa, como observado através da criação de grupos (100,0%), coleta do alcance de metas dos grupos (80,1%, SD+0,08%), e fornecimento de feedback (72,5%, SD+0,16%) ao longo de 8 semanas do estudo. No entanto, quando o programa se aproximou do final (semanas 6-8), houve uma redução significativa (p<0,05) no fornecimento de feedback para as equipes. Os educadores em saúde passaram mais tempo na coleta de quilômetros percorridos por cada equipe (12,4 SD+18,8 horas), na coleta de informações dos participantes (9,47 SD+19,8 horas), se comunicando com os participantes (9,32 SD+13,7 horas) e no desenvolvimento de materiais locais para boletins informativos (5,7 SD+3,79 horas). Os componentes do programa que os educadores em saúde passaram a menor quantidade de tempo foram na preparação dos pacotes para os lideres de cada equipe (0,909 SD+2,7 horas), na condução de atividades (2,54 SD+7,17 horas) e no acompanhamento dos lideres (3,09 SD+2,81 horas). Este estudo indica que o tempo necessário para o programa Fit Extension se adequou às expectativas dos educadores em saúde. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para comparar a fidelidade da implementação e estruturas que possam promover a sustentabilidade do programa.

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the impact of media literacy for tobacco prevention for youth delivered through a community site. Design. A randomized pretest-posttest evaluation design with matched-contact treatment and control conditions. Setting. The pilot study was delivered through the YMCA in a lower-income suburban and rural area of Southwest Virginia, a region long tied, both economically and culturally, to the tobacco industry. Subjects. Children ages 8 to 14 (76% white, 58% female) participated in the study (n = 38). Intervention. The intervention was an antismoking media literacy program (five 1-hour lessons) compared with a matched-contact creative writing control program. Measures. General media literacy, three domains of tobacco-specific media literacy ("authors and audiences," "messages and meanings," and "representation and reality"), tobacco attitudes, and future expectations were assessed. Analysis. Multiple regression modeling assessed the impact of the intervention, controlling for pretest measures, age, and sex. Results. General media literacy and tobacco-specific "authors and audiences" media literacy improved significantly for treatment compared with control (p < .05); results for other tobacco-specific media literacy measures and for tobacco attitudes were not significant. Future expectations of smoking increased significantly for treatment participants ages 10 and younger (p < .05). Conclusion. Mixed results indicated that improvements in media literacy are accompanied by an increase in future expectations to smoke for younger children.

Evidence-based program repositories (EBPR) report intervention characteristics and how to implement the intervention. These EBPR are a dissemination strategy to address questions such as, "I have cancer, what programs can I join?" or "What evidence-based programs for weight loss are a good fit for my community?" However, these EBPR fall short of realizing their potential and are not seen as particularly interactive, robust, or relevant to stakeholders who may benefit from their content. We propose 2 solutions for existing EBPR to enhance dissemination of evidence-based information. Addressing this critical dissemination need is one strategy for health promotion.

Purpose. Determine if recruitment methods are differentially related to the reach of a physical activity program in metro/urban vs. rural settings. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Kansas counties. Subjects. Ninety-four Cooperative Extension agents responsible for 102 counties. Measures. Promotional score, task force activity, and years of program delivery were assessed using a self-report survey. Reach was assessed for each county by dividing the number of participants by intended population using census data. Analysis. Rural/urban comparisons on reach were completed using a Mann-Whitney test. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between independent variables and participation rate by setting type. Results. Metro/urban counties had lower mean participation rates than rural counties (z = −4.5; p < .001). In metro/urban counties, the regression on participation rate was significant (R2 = .19; F = 4.09; p = .011), but only promotional score significantly contributed to the model (p = .003). In rural counties, the regression was also significant (R2 = .34; F = 6.64; p = .001), with task force activity and years of delivery making significant contributions (p = .001 and p = .017, respectively). Conclusion. Interpersonal methods may be more effective in recruiting physical activity program participants in rural settings, whereas using a greater variety of promotional methods may be more effective in metro/urban settings.

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os potenciais problemas na confiança das análises usando intenção de tratamento (ITT) quando o alcance inicial não é contabilizado. Dados de arquivo de sete locais de trabalho (n=10.513funcionários) que completaram um programa de perda de peso foram utilizados para determinar: (a) a eficácia do programa no final de três a seis meses de participação; (b) o alcance do programa na população de funcionários elegíveis; e (c) a proporção da população alvo de funcionários que, em última análise, beneficiaram-se do programa e o grau desses benefícios (como a efetividade que considera o alcance e retenção). Análises de ITT utilizando o valor de peso inicial para participantes perdidos a desistência revelou que os participantes perderam uma significativa (p<0,01), porém modesta, quantidade de peso em três meses (0,95 quilos) e em seis meses (1,09 quilos) de participação. A seguir foram realizadas análises para determinar a proporção total da força de trabalho que se beneficiou (peso perdido) em 6 meses. Dos 1.607 participantes que foram mantidos por pelo menos 6 meses, 1088 foram bem sucedidos na perda de peso apresentando uma perda média de 4,3 kg (95% CI: 4,0 a 4,5Kg), indicando uma perda clinicamente significativa de 4,4% do peso corporal inicial. Assim, 10,1% da população total de funcionários se beneficiaram com o programa de perda de peso e perderam uma quantidade clinicamente relevante de peso. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a presença de dados de alcance combinados com dados de efetividade podem auxiliar empregadores na tomada de decisões mais sofisticadas ao escolher um programa de perda de peso comercial para os seus funcionários, quando comparado à análise tradicional de ITT.

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of group member diversity in task-related attributes (i.e., self-efficacy, level of previous physical activity, and personal goals) and task-unrelated attributes (i.e., ethnicity and gender) to task cohesiveness and task performance in walking groups ( N varied from 1,324 to 1,392 groups for the analyses). For the task-related attributes, diversity in level of previous physical activity was significantly related to both task cohesion and group performance—as diversity increased, cohesion and performance decreased. For the task-unrelated attributes, diversity in gender was related to task cohesion—as diversity increased, cohesion decreased. Gender diversity was unrelated to group performance. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the dynamics of task-oriented groups.

County Extension Directors (CEDs) are Extension agents who serve their local clientele through educational programming, while also serving as liaisons between their state Extension system and their local government and elected officials. Responsibilities within this administrative role include handling and managing personnel issues, fiscal management and oversight, and communicating and maintaining relationships with elected officials. Researchers asked CEDs in Florida and Georgia with less than five years of experience the most important information for a new CED to know within the first month on the job. The constant comparative method of analysis was used to identify recurring themes from the open-ended question of an online-administered survey. Six primary themes emerged: (a) policies, procedures, and MOUs; (b) deadlines and reporting; (c) human resources, personnel management, and fiduciary responsibilities; (d) roles and responsibilities; (e) relationships with elected officials and administrators; and (f) identifying resources. Extension professional development staff should either create or modify existing training programs to include the most important information CEDs need to know within the first month on the job.

Purpose: To examine if employee health literacy (HL) status moderated reach, retention, and weight outcomes in a worksite weight loss program. Design: The study was a two-group cluster randomized controlled weight loss trial. Setting: The study was conducted in 28 worksites. Subjects: Subjects comprised 1460 employees with a body mass index >25 kg/m2. Interventions: Two 12-month weight loss interventions targeted diet and physical activity behaviors: incentaHEALTH (INCENT; incentivized individually targeted Internet-based intervention) and Livin' My Weigh (LMW; less-intense quarterly newsletters). Measures: A validated three-item HL screening measure was self-completed at baseline. Weight was objectively assessed with the Health Spot scale at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Analysis: The impact of HL on program effectiveness was assessed through fixed-effect parametric models that controlled for individual (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity, income, education) and worksite random effects. Results: Enrolled employees had significantly higher HL status [13.54 (1.68)] as compared to unenrolled [13.04 (2.17)] ( p < .001). This finding was consistent in both interventions. Also, HL moderated weight loss effects ( beta = .66; SE = 027; p = .014) and losing >5% weight ( beta = −1.53; SE = .77; p < .047). For those with lower baseline HL, the INCENT intervention produced greater weight loss outcomes compared to LMW. The HL level of employees retained was not significantly different from those lost to follow-up. Conclusion: HL influences reach and moderates weight effects. These findings underscore the need to integrate recruitment strategies and further evaluate programmatic approaches that attend to the needs of low-HL audiences.