Engagée dans un conflit l'opposant au Mexique entre 1838 et 1839, la France est décrite par l'historiographie actuelle comme mue par de simples intérêts économiques et des réclamations excessives. Ce travail, issu des résultats de nos recherches, vise à nuancer ce courant et à redéfinir ce contexte, afin de mieux comprendre les motivations et enjeux qui ont conduit le gouvernement français à la guerre.
The increasing number of hospitals in Indonesia which are managed by the government and the private sector demands to provide the maximum level of service, professionalism and competence to reflect the best service quality. Quality provides a special impetus for companies to understand customer expectations which in turn can increase customer satisfaction and create customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality and patient loyalty. Methods: This study was structured using a quantitative approach with a cross sectional method. The sample in this study were patients who had registered for an appointment at a specialist outpatient unit at the outpatient unit of RS X South Jakarta with a total of 100 people based on inclusion criteria. Data collection techniques are carried out using questionnaires or questionnaires to reveal information or data from respondents. Data analysis was performed statistically univariate and bivariate. Multivariate analysis for hypothesis testing was performed using path analysis. Data is presented in p-value and C.R. (Critical Ratio). Results: The results showed that out of 100 subjects, 60% were male, 83% had a bachelor's degree and 70% were private employees. From the bivariate analysis related to patient loyalty at the eye specialist Hospital X South Jakarta, the waiting time variable has no significant effect on the loyalty variable (CR (Critical Ratio) the value is less than 2.0 and the P value (p-value) is greater than the significance level. (α) of 0.05), the value of interpersonal communication (CR (Critical Ratio) is more than 2.0 and the P value is smaller than the significance level (α) of 0.05), employee performance (CR (Critical Ratio) is greater than 2.0 and the P value (P-Value) is smaller than the significance level (α) of 0.05, the service facility value (CR (Critical Ratio) is more than 2.0 and the P value is less than the significance level (a) of 0.05) has a positive and significant effect on the loyalty variable. Conclusion: Patient loyalty at specialist Hospital X South Jakarta is influenced by interpersonal communication, employee performance and service facilities but is not affected by waiting time. ; Meningkatnya jumlah rumah sakit di Indonesia yang dikelola oleh pemerintah dan swasta menuntut untuk memberikan tingkat pelayanan, profesionalisme dan kompetensi yang maksimal untuk mencerminkan kualitas pelayanan yang terbaik. Kualitas memberikan dorongan khusus bagi perusahaan untuk memahami harapan pelanggan yang pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dan menciptakan loyalitas pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan dengan loyalitas pasien. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien yang telah mendaftar janji temu di unit rawat jalan spesialistik di unit rawat jalan RS X Jakarta Selatan dengan jumlah 100 orang berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner atau angket untuk mengungkap informasi atau data dari responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik univariat dan bivariat. Analisis multivariat untuk pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis jalur. Data disajikan dalam p-value dan C.R. (Critical Ratio). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 subjek, 60% adalah laki-laki, 83% memiliki gelar sarjana dan 70% adalah karyawan swasta. Dari analisis bivariat yang berkaitan dengan loyalitas pasien di spesialis mata RS X Jakarta Selatan bahwa variabel waktu tunggu berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap variabel loyalitas (CR (Critical Ratio) nilainya kurang dari 2,0 dan nilai P (p-value) lebih besar dari tingkat signifikansi (α) sebesar 0,05), nilai komunikasi interpersonal (CR (Critical Ratio) lebih dari 2,0 dan nilai P lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi (α) sebesar 0,05), kinerja karyawan (CR (Critical Ratio) lebih besar dari 2,0 dan nilai P (P-Value) lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi (α) sebesar 0,05, nilai fasilitas Layanan (CR (Critical Ratio) lebih dari 2,0 dan nilai P lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi (a) sebesar 0,05) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel loyalitas. Loyalitas pasien di spesialis RS X Jakarta Selatan dipengaruhi oleh komunikasi interpersonal, kinerja pegawai dan fasilitas pelayanan tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh waktu tunggu.
Graphene has proven to be useful in biosensing applications. However, one of the main hurdles with printed graphene-based electrodes is achieving repeatable electrochemical performance from one printed electrode to another. We have developed a consistent fabrication process to control the sheet resistance of inkjet-printed graphene electrodes, thereby accomplishing repeatable electrochemical performance. Herein, we investigated the electrochemical properties of multilayered graphene (MLG) electrodes fully inkjet-printed (IJP) on flexible Kapton substrates. The electrodes were fabricated by inkjet printing three materials – (1) a conductive silver ink for electrical contact, (2) an insulating dielectric ink, and (3) MLG ink as the sensing material. The selected materials and fabrication methods provided great control over the ink rheology and material deposition, which enabled stable and repeatable electrochemical response: bending tests revealed the electrochemical behavior of these sensors remained consistent over 1000 bend cycles. Due to the abundance of structural defects (e.g., edge defects) present in the exfoliated graphene platelets, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the graphene electrodes showed good electron transfer (k = 1.125 × 10−2 cm s−1) with a detection limit (0.01 mM) for the ferric/ferrocyanide redox couple, [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4, which is comparable or superior to modified graphene or graphene oxide-based sensors. Additionally, the potentiometric response of the electrodes displayed good sensitivity over the pH range of 4–10. Moreover, a fully IJP three-electrode device (MLG, platinum, and Ag/AgCl) also showed quasi-reversibility compared to a single IJP MLG electrode device. These findings demonstrate significant promise for scalable fabrication of a flexible, low cost, and fully-IJP wearable sensor system needed for space, military, and commercial biosensing applications.
Graphene has proven to be useful in biosensing applications. However, one of the main hurdles with printed graphene-based electrodes is achieving repeatable electrochemical performance from one printed electrode to another. We have developed a consistent fabrication process to control the sheet resistance of inkjet-printed graphene electrodes, thereby accomplishing repeatable electrochemical performance. Herein, we investigated the electrochemical properties of multilayered graphene (MLG) electrodes fully inkjet-printed (IJP) on flexible Kapton substrates. The electrodes were fabricated by inkjet printing three materials – (1) a conductive silver ink for electrical contact, (2) an insulating dielectric ink, and (3) MLG ink as the sensing material. The selected materials and fabrication methods provided great control over the ink rheology and material deposition, which enabled stable and repeatable electrochemical response: bending tests revealed the electrochemical behavior of these sensors remained consistent over 1000 bend cycles. Due to the abundance of structural defects (e.g., edge defects) present in the exfoliated graphene platelets, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the graphene electrodes showed good electron transfer (k = 1.125 × 10(−2) cm s(−1)) with a detection limit (0.01 mM) for the ferric/ferrocyanide redox couple, [Fe(CN)(6)](−3/−4), which is comparable or superior to modified graphene or graphene oxide-based sensors. Additionally, the potentiometric response of the electrodes displayed good sensitivity over the pH range of 4–10. Moreover, a fully IJP three-electrode device (MLG, platinum, and Ag/AgCl) also showed quasi-reversibility compared to a single IJP MLG electrode device. These findings demonstrate significant promise for scalable fabrication of a flexible, low cost, and fully-IJP wearable sensor system needed for space, military, and commercial biosensing applications.
