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"Africa has witnessed massive changes in the last fifty years -- from independence through structural adjustment, rule by military juntas in several countries and to a period now where the focus is on how best to prioritize their needs based on resources, national goals and human potential. There is general agreement that human capital is important in economic growth and development. There is always the need to ensure that resources and human capital are used appropriately to advance development. Gender disparities, whether in treatment, access to resources, resource utilization and the law, may in themselves retard or slow down development. Resources and human potential in all societies include how best to ensure there is no gender disparity and to fully tap the resources inherent in women for personal, social and national development. Beginning with the women's suffrage movement, there has been the push to encourage gender equality worldwide. The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 embodies the commitment of the international community to implement policies that will enhance the political, social, economic, educational empowerment of women. This book highlights the issues affecting women in Eastern and Southern Africa -- what role does custom and patriarchy play in gender disparities in education, access to health, problems in the workplace and family relationships? How have women writers in the last twenty years presented the issues of patriarchy, women's rights, globalism and women's holistic development? What are recent developments that have helped improve the situation for some women? These are some of the issues that are covered in this book. The thesis of this book is that there have been policies and strategies developed that have worked to empower women. However, vestiges of sexism, gender disparities in several fields still remain and traditions/customs and patriarchy have aided in still keeping women down"--Provided by publisher

Vocabulary knowledge has been found to be crucial for academic achievement. In Nigeria, English is the second language for many students and also the language of instruction beginning from grade 3. The need to measure the vocabulary size and also encourage vocabulary instruction is not only necessary but paramount for student achievement in school. The purpose of the study was to find out if (a) there is a difference in word size (vocabulary development) based on gender? (b) there is a relationship between reading interest and word size? (c) there is difference between gender and the ability to generate abstract words? (d) there is difference between number of books at home and vocabulary size? (e) there is a significant difference between school type and word size? Five secondary schools in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria were selected for the study. Of the five schools, there were two Government Day secondary schools (non- boarding school), a Government Secondary school (boarding), a private day (non-boarding) and a private boarding school. Students completed "The Vocabulary Development of Secondary School Students Questionnaire" developed for the study. Only students present during the day of the administration were allowed to complete the questionnaire. 270 usable questionnaires were completed and formed the basis for the analysis. It was found that female word size was significantly higher than those of the female subjects, that there were also able to generate more abstract words and that school type had a significant influence on word size for all subject. Based on these findings, t was recommended that teachers and schools do more in teaching vocabulary to all students and develop strategies to engage male students. Article visualizations:

"There has been significant growth in the adoption and use of mobile technology and other forms of information & communication technology (ICT) tools and services in many economically disadvantaged and underserved groups. The book documents constraints to ICT access/adoption; innovative research in ICT that includes ICT access, adoption, diffusion, use and impact for service delivery to many sectors in different countries particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa"--

Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on the fact that women, regardless of whether they are located in developed or developing nations, are still facing numerous challenges regarding their financial status, education, and independence. As recent movements have highlighted such problems as unequal pay and sexual harassment and abuse, it has become imperative that steps must be taken to analyze these problems and offer solutions to combat these inequalities that would improve women's lives and society as a whole.Overcoming Challenges and Barriers for Women in Business and Education: Socioeconomic Issues and Strategies for the Future is an essential reference source that highlights cross-cultural perspectives, obstacles, and opportunities pertaining to the advancement of women's lives in society. The chapters within the book explore a variety of concepts for building a bridge to women empowerment and improving their participation in the development of their respective societies. Featuring research on topics such as global business, higher education, and gender discrimination, this book is ideally designed for managers, business professionals, entrepreneurs, social scientists, policymakers, gender studies researchers, students, and academicians looking for strategies that will help to empower women through the book's social justice model, which acts as an underlying theoretical construct

1. Quo Vadis Women's and Gender Studies in Africa?. - 2. Women and Society in Female Authored Short Stories and Poems From Namibia. - 3. Local Contexts, Local Theory. - 4. Reinforcement Or Transformation. - 5. Women as Mediators in South Africa. - 6. African Marriages in Transformation. - 7. LGBTI Rights and Experiences in Three Southern African Nations. - 8. Women, Education and Sustainable Development in Sudan. - 9. Women in Teaching and Educational Administration in Kenya. - 10. Women and Entrepreneurship Development: The Case of South Africa. - 11. Women and Small Scale Entrepreneurship. - 12. Women, Land Use, Property Rights and Sustainable Development in Zimbabwe. - 13. The Role of Women in Political Decision Making in East and Southern Africa. - 14. Gender and HIV in Namibia. - 15. Women and State Violence in Zimbabwe, 2000-2008