Suchergebnisse

Tens of thousands of Italian civilians perished in the Allied bombing raids of World War II. More of them died after the Armistice of September 1943 than before, when the air attacks were intended to induce Italy's surrender.

Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945 addresses this seeming paradox, by examining the views of Allied political and military leaders, Allied air crews, and Italians on the ground. It tells the stories of a little-known diplomat (Myron Charles Taylor), military strategist (Solly Zuckerman), resistance fighter (Aldo Quaranta), and peace activist (Vera Brittain) – architects and opponents of the bombing strategies. It describes the fate of ordinary civilians, drawing on a wealth of local and digital archival sources, memoir accounts, novels, and films, including Joseph Heller's Catch-22 and John Huston's The Battle of San Pietro.

The book will be of interest to readers concerned about the ethical, legal, and human dimensions of bombing and its effects on civilians, to students of military strategy and Italian history, and to World War II buffs. They will benefit from a people-focused history that draws on a range of eclectic and rarely used sources in English and Italian.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface / Katzenstein, Peter -- Part I. Transnational Relations and the Cold War -- 1. Taming the Bear -- 2. Structure, Opportunity, and Change -- Part II. The Khrushchev Era -- 3. The Birth of Transnationalism -- 4. "A Battle on Two Fronts": Khrushchev's Test Ban -- 5. "Why Keep Such an Army?" Khrushchev's Troop Reductions -- 6. "Hitting a Fly in Outer Space": Khrushchev and Missile Defenses -- Part III. The Brezhnev Era -- 7. Success, Stagnation, and Revival -- 8. "Nothing More to Talk About": Nuclear Testing under Brezhnev -- 9. "A Train without a Locomotive": Brezhnev's Army -- 10. "Not a Fool": Brezhnev and the ABM Treaty -- 11. The "Reckless Star Wars Scheme": A New Challenge -- Part IV. The Gorbachev Era -- 12. Transnational Renaissance -- 13. "Silence Reigned on Our Nuclear Test Ranges": Gorbachev and the Moratorium -- 14. "We Are Not Floating above Reality": Gorbachev's Revolution in European Security Policy -- 15. "If There Were No Nuclear Missiles": Gorbachev's Answer to Star Wars -- Part V. The Post-Soviet Era -- 16. The Paradox of State Strength -- 17. Power, Persuasion, and Norms -- Index

"Italy from Crisis to Crisis seeks to understand Italy's approach to crises by studying the country in regional, international, and comparative context. Without assuming that the country is abnormal or unusually crisis-prone, the authors treat Italy as an example from which other countries might learn.The book integrates the analysis of domestic politics and foreign policy, including Italy's approach to military interventions, energy security, economic relations with the European Union (EU), and to the NATO alliance, and covers a number of issues that normally receive little attention in studies of "high politics," such as information policy, national identity, immigration, youth unemployment, and family relations. Finally, it puts Italy in a comparative perspective--with other European states, naturally--but also with Latin America, and even the United States, all countries that have experienced similar crises to Italy's and similar--often populist--responses.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of, and courses on, Italian politics and history, European politics and more broadly to comparative politics and democracy."--Provided by publisher.

In recent years the mass murder of thousands of innocent civilians by al Qaeda terrorists has plumbed the depths of criminality and immorality. Yet it is the response to those attacks, particularly by the United States, that has provoked widespread accusations that the anti-terrorist cure may be worse than the terrorist disease. This book explores the key legal and ethical controversies that arose in the wake of the brutal attacks of 11 September 2001. After the Cold War, progress in human rights and limitations on warfare created an impression that 'global civil society' had emerged to challenge the dominance of states and establish new norms to guide their behavior. The events of 9/11, however, witnessed a reassertion of state prerogatives, reflected in challenges to the Geneva Conventions and the stigma against torture. Focusing on core debates about preventive war and the implications of targeted assassination, kidnapping, indefinite detention, and the torture of suspected terrorists, the book asks whether state practice will further undermine the very norms of international law and morality, or whether efforts to combat terrorism can be brought back into conformity with ethical and legal standards.

Preface -- Virginia Woolf's purse -- Algeria : a world constructed out of ruins -- Yugoslavia : archetype or anomaly? -- Chechnya : virgins, mothers, and terrorists -- Québec : oui, no, or femme -- 'To live to see better times' : gender, nationalism, sovereignty, equality -- Sequel : gender and nationalist violence on film

"This book explores the key legal and ethical controversies that arose in the wake of the brutal attacks of 11 September 2001. After the Cold War, progress in human rights and limitations on warfare created an impression that "global civil society" had emerged to challenge the dominance of states and establish new norms to guide their behavior. The events of 9/11, however, witnessed a reassertion of state prerogatives, reflected in challenges to the Geneva Conventions and the stigma against torture. Focusing on core debates about preventive war and the implications of targeted assassination, kidnapping, indefinite detention, and the torture of suspected terrorists, Evangelista asks whether state practice will further undermine the very norms of international law and morality, or whether efforts to combat terrorism can be brought back into conformity with ethical and legal standards."--BOOK JACKET.

Abstract
Whatever the outcome of the Russo-Ukrainian War, in its wake Ukraine will need to choose a security policy to defend its sovereignty from future threats. Its choice holds implications for broader European security. Some observers advocate Ukraine becoming a member in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), thereby gaining protection from the U.S. "nuclear umbrella." Others doubt the effectiveness of "extended nuclear deterrence"—the threat of U.S. nuclear retaliation for attacks, including those carried out with conventional armed forces, on an ally's territory. But nuclear deterrence was never put to the test in Cold War Europe, and today extended nuclear deterrence is an unreliable and risky approach to Russian aggression. An examination of the role of nuclear deterrence during the 1961 Berlin Crisis demonstrates that Soviet military strategy against U.S. nuclear weapons posed the risk of escalation. In vulnerable NATO territories, such as the Estonian city of Narva, such a risk still exists. A Cold War–era alternative to nuclear deterrence offers the possibility of a non-nuclear defense for Ukraine. Proposals such as the "spider in the web" strategy draw on concepts of the security dilemma and non-offensive, confidence-building defense to provide for Ukrainian security in a Europe threatened by Russian expansion, without relying on the threat of nuclear war.