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An introduction to the weapons that made up the armoury of tribes in pre-European New Zealand. Drawing on historical sources and contemporary expertise the author explains the manufacture, maintenance and use of each of the principal weapons: two handed weapons (including pouwhenua and tewatewha), patu and mere, spears (including huata and tokotoko), and other weapons (including hoeroa and oka)

Adult and lifelong mathematics education has multiple dimensions and the approaches represented in our discussions embraced, besides mathematics, a range of disciplines (psychology, sociology, politics, pedagogy, anthropology and androgogy), and a spectrum of concerns about inclusion – along lines of gender, class, ethnicity, age and language group.

Andalas International Nursing Conference (AINiC) is a dedicated conference aimed at researchers in nursing, public health and other health sciences topics. The 1st AINiC 2017 was held in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, from 25-27 September 2017. The conference theme was "Strengthening Research Capacity and Disseminating New Findings in Nursing and Public Health". This event was successful in bringing together experts, researchers, healthcare professionals, and students worldwide. It was an inspiring occasion for most of the participants and was a great opportunity for research development learning, especially with regard to disseminating new findings in nursing and to stimulate networking of nursing professionals, researchers and educators. The research topics that were presented during the conference have clearly indicated the need for literature development and guidance of clinical practice decisions. We hope this conference has provided ample opportunities for participants to gain a more in-depth understanding of knowledge and renewed perspectives. All these aspects have been acknowledged by the participants during the conference. The 1st AINiC was a rewarding event and we look forward to your attendance and participation in the next AINiC conference that will also provide stimulating research developments, networking and cooperation.

Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262693 (INTERACT). This work was also supported by an equipment loan from the NERC Geophysical Equipment Facility (loan number 1008). The authors would like to thank the Tarfala research station staff. J.C.E would like to thank the Denisons for supporting his PhD. We would also like to thank Jonathan Carrivick, Mark Smith and Daniel Carrivick for access to their DEM. Chris Clark is thanked for his support of the project and for useful discussions. The authors also thank the two reviewers and the editorial team for their comments which improved this manuscript. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Most cancer-related deaths are a result of metastasis, and thus the importance of this process as a target of therapy cannot be understated. By asking 'how can we effectively treat cancer?', we do not capture the complexity of a disease encompassing >200 different cancer types — many consisting of multiple subtypes — with considerable intratumoural heterogeneity, which can result in variable responses to a specific therapy. Moreover, we have much less information on the pathophysiological characteristics of metastases than is available for the primary tumour. Most disseminated tumour cells that arrive in distant tissues, surrounded by unfamiliar cells and a foreign microenvironment, are likely to die; however, those that survive can generate metastatic tumours with a markedly different biology from that of the primary tumour. To treat metastasis effectively, we must inhibit fundamental metastatic processes and develop specific preclinical and clinical strategies that do not rely on primary tumour responses. To address this crucial issue, Cancer Research UK and Cancer Therapeutics CRC Australia formed a Metastasis Working Group with representatives from not-for-profit, academic, government, industry and regulatory bodies in order to develop recommendations on how to tackle the challenges associated with treating (micro)metastatic disease. Herein, we describe the challenges identified as well as the proposed approaches for discovering and developing anticancer agents designed specifically to prevent or delay the metastatic outgrowth of cancer.

Most cancer-related deaths are a result of metastasis, and thus the importance of this process as a target of therapy cannot be understated. By asking 'how can we effectively treat cancer?', we do not capture the complexity of a disease encompassing >200 different cancer types — many consisting of multiple subtypes — with considerable intratumoural heterogeneity, which can result in variable responses to a specific therapy. Moreover, we have much less information on the pathophysiological characteristics of metastases than is available for the primary tumour. Most disseminated tumour cells that arrive in distant tissues, surrounded by unfamiliar cells and a foreign microenvironment, are likely to die; however, those that survive can generate metastatic tumours with a markedly different biology from that of the primary tumour. To treat metastasis effectively, we must inhibit fundamental metastatic processes and develop specific preclinical and clinical strategies that do not rely on primary tumour responses. To address this crucial issue, Cancer Research UK and Cancer Therapeutics CRC Australia formed a Metastasis Working Group with representatives from not-for-profit, academic, government, industry and regulatory bodies in order to develop recommendations on how to tackle the challenges associated with treating (micro)metastatic disease. Herein, we describe the challenges identified as well as the proposed approaches for discovering and developing anticancer agents designed specifically to prevent or delay the metastatic outgrowth of cancer.