Suchergebnisse

The willingness of workers to move down an occupational hierarchy is a potentially important source of flexibility in the labour market. But, relatively little is known about the scale or pattern of occupational up‐ and downgrading. This paper examines who downgrades and the cyclical structure of up‐ and downgrading. We find that occupational downgrading is surprisingly large relative to flows into unemployment. Individuals who have a high payoff to skilled work, such as educated workers, are less likely to downgrade. Contrary to expectations, the rate of downgrading is found to be greater in the boom, while upgrading follows the more conventional expectation of also being procyclical. This finding is interpreted as evidence consistent with the rationing of jobs in the downgrading process, contrary to the assumptions of simple dual labour market models.

El aumento de la privatización y del comercio e inversiones internacionales, así como la proliferación de tratados bilaterales y multilaterales de comercio han llevado a una mayor integración económica, afectando a casi todas las naciones del mundo. Esta nueva dependencia en la empresa privada ha incidido en muchos cambios en la estructura económica y capacidad productiva de los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, también ha intensificado la vulnerabilidad de estos países a nuevas y dañinas modalidades de prácticas comerciales anticompetitivas. Este libro demuestra la importancia de una compete

La croissance de la privatisation ainsi que du commerce et de l'investissement internationaux, de même que la multiplication des accords commerciaux bilatéraux et multilatéraux ont accentué l'intégration économique, ce qui a touché presque tous les pays du monde. Cette nouvelle dépendance à l'égard de l'entreprise privée a engendré de nombreux changements dans la structure économique et la capacité de production des pays en développement. Toutefois, elle a aussi fait croître la vulnérabilité des pays en développement face à de nouveaux types nuisibles de pratiques commerciales anticoncurrentie

The growth of international trade and investment and the spread of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements have resulted in increasing economic integration, affecting almost all nations of the world. This has brought about many changes in the economies of developing countries, including a move away from state-controlled enterprise. However, it has also made developing countries more vulnerable to new and potentially harmful types of anticompetitive business practices. This book demonstrates the importance of true and fair competition to sustainable development and an effective marketplace