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Standardisation, which has been important ever since the emergence of ITS, is now becoming increasingly urgent. Up until now, most of the ITS standards have been stand-alone standards such as Electronic Fee Collection and traffic information (RDS-TMC). There is no doubt that EFC and RDS-TMC standards have been essential in bringing ITS technology to the mass market, have driven down product prices, and have allowed these services to become interoperable. This report gives a good overview of current standards and goes on to explain the next stage of ITS standards. ITS can be used to prevent accidents, increase transport efficiency, reduce environmental impact and improve sustainability, while providing an improved user experience. Policies are being set both on the national level, on the regional level such as EU Directives, and lately also between regions, such as between the US and Europe. It is clear that some targets are incompatible, and the systems trying to incorporate them will need to handle many parameters and be flexible for the future. Taken together, there is no doubt that the next stage of ITS will see increased complexity. The task for standardisation is to hide this complexity from the users. The good news is that the standardisation domain, together with R&D projects, is focusing on this task. There are many organisations at work now, and good standards are being produced. Unfortunately, there is duplication of work between these organisations, and the standards being produced are not necessarily interoperable with each other. This problem has been recognised, and both the EC and US DoT are actively trying to bridge the gaps. The perceived situation at the present is that the balance between Safety requirements and Efficiency requirements has been tilted in favour of anti-collision vehicle safety. This is a result of the car makers being a strong group politically and financially, and there is no comparable group from the efficiency side to counter this strength. From a policy perspective, there is significant on-going work to support the policy documents from the EC (ITS Action Plan and ITS Directive). Topics in the ITS action plan that are of special interest include: - Real time traffic and traveller data sharing to support a safer and more relaxed driving situation - International road signing and information layout and formats to support common understanding across borders - International Automatic Vehicle Identification/Electronic Fee Collection systems to support common payment services and a greener transport sector due to differentiated emission fees - Emergency call and safety warnings to reduce the number of traffic fatalities and accidents These topics are consistent with the overall road transport development strategy of the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications. Following up and impacting the standardisation organisations (SDOs) and forums working on these aspects will lead to specifications in line with Norway's special interests.

Standardisation has been important since the start of ITS, and it is now, with the onset of cooperative ITS (C-ITS) in the global market, even more essential. Knowledge about ITS standardisation is thus important for many actors involved in the provision of ITS services. This report is put together to give a broad overview of current standard groups and interest organisations working within the ITS domain. It gives an overall status of the work going on in each of the working groups in CEN, ISO and ETSI. In addition, it also includes tables of standards which can be used for a detailed look-up. Up until recently most of the ITS standards have been stand-alone standards such as for Electronic Fee Collection and traffic information (RDS-TMC). Today there are standards covering a broad range of services and technologies related to ITS and its cooperative features. There is no doubt that standardisation of ITS services and technologies have been essential in bringing ITS technology to the mass market. EFC and RDS-TMC standards are good examples of this. Development of standards has also resulted in reducing product prices and allowed various ITS services to become interoperable. ITS is seen as a tool to: reduce accidents, increase transport efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and improve sustainability. This comes in addition to providing an improved user experience within the transport area. Policies are being set both on the national level, on the regional EU level such as EU Directives, and lately also between regions, such as between US and Europe. Some targets are partly conflicting, and therefore national policies will determine the actual mix and balance between the services. From a technical perspective, this means that systems trying to incorporate the service mix will need to handle many parameters and be flexible for the future. Taken together, there is little doubt that the next stage of ITS will see increased complexity. Care must be taken to help users of ITS standards understand how to combine the standards in user friendly ways. The good news is that the standardisation domain, together with the R&D projects, has taken on this task. There are many organisations at work now, and good standards are being produced. The not-so-good news is that there are duplications of work between these organisations, and the standards being produced are not necessarily interoperable with each other. This problem has been recognized, and both the European Commission and US DoT, together with other national/state transport authorities, are actively trying to bridge the gaps and fix the overlaps. The situation up until recently have been that the balance between safety requirements and efficiency requirements was tilted in favour of anti-collision vehicle safety. This was a result of the car makers being a strong group politically and financially, and there were no comparable group from the efficiency/sustainability side to balance the equation. This situation has changed with the efforts from the C-ITS Deployment platforms and several other EC sponsored activities and mandates. Also, national transport authorities across Europe have become aware of the benefits of ITS in general, and C-ITS specifically, as a prerequisite for automated driving. The original set of priorities in the ITS Directive has mainly been met, and necessary standards are complete or mearing completion. However, there is a new set of priorities linked into the increased need for support of automated driving and electrification of vehicles. A short list of the new priority areas is: • Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) • Revision of current specifications for EU-wide real-time traffic information services • Recharging/refuelling points • Access to vehicle data for road operation purposes • eCall — extension to other vehicle categories • Interoperable payment / ticketing ; Statens vegvesen Vegdirektoratet