Suchergebnisse

PUBLISHED ; Motivated by the notorious di culties in determining the rst quantum corrections to the spectrum of short strings in AdS 5 S 5 from rst principles, we study closed bosonic strings in this background employing a static gauge. In this gauge the world-sheet Hamiltonian density is constant along the extension of the string and directly proportional to the square of the spacetime energy. We quantize this sys- tem in a minisuperspace approach, in which we consider only a single AdS 5 string mode excitation next to an arbitrary particle like zero-mode contribution in the full AdS 5 S 5 background. We determine the quantum spectrum using this method to the next-to-next-to-leading order in the large 't Hooft coupling expansion. We ar- gue for an ordering prescription which should arise from supersymmetrization and indeed recover the integrability based predictions for the spectrum of the lightest excitation, dual to the Konishi eld scaling dimensions. The higher excitations fail to agree, but this is shown to be a consequence of the string mode truncation employed. Despite this simple setup, our system reveals intriguing features, such as a close connection to particles in AdS 6 , classical integrability and preservation of the isometries of AdS 5 S 5 at the quantum level ; We thank Harald Dorn, Chrysostomos Kalousios, Thomas Klose, Joe Minahan, Jonas Pollok and Tristan McLoughlin for useful discussions. G.J. thanks the Humboldt University Berlin and the Max-Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert-Einstein-Institute) in Potsdam for warm hospitality. M.H. thanks Nordita in Stockholm for kind hospitality. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Volkswagen-Foundation, the International Max Planck Research School for Geometric Analysis, Gravitation and String Theory, and the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/ under REA Grant Agreement No 317089. S.F. is supported by a DFG grant in the framework of the SFB 647 Raum - Zeit - Materie. Analytische und Geometrische Strukturen and by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant 09/RFP/PHY2142.

The article analyzes the political and legal state of Russia after the revolution of 1917, the Civil War and foreign intervention. During the Genoa Conference of 1922, it was planned to build the world on new conditions, to include socialist Russia in the structure of international relations, but to force it to return the enterprises nationalized by the Soviet government to the West beforehand or to compensate for their cost. In order to obtain Western loans, it was important to achieve international recognition, to get out of isolation. The authors show how it became possible to break through the isolation ring, conclude a peace treaty with Germany with all the difference in potentials, ideologies, and life values of the two countries.