Suchergebnisse

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to identify the directions and instruments of state aid (with the exception of agriculture and the transport sector) used in Poland and to identify their specificities in relation to other countries of the European Union. Research method – The achievement of the above purpose required the use of research methods such as the analysis of legal acts, the collection and analysis of secondary data and the processing of the collected factual material using descriptive statistical methods. The data source was The State Aid Scoreboard, together with a variety of reports from the Office for Competition and Consumer Protection. Results – In 2017, the amount of state aid in Poland was twice as high as the average indicator in the European Union (1.51% and 0.76% respectively). Regional development (27.3%) was the main beneficiary of its allocation, while environmental protection was 55.4% in the EU. A specific feature of state aid in Poland is its sustainability, which does not exist to a similar extent in other Member States. Originality /value – According to the author's knowledge, this is one of the unique research papers devoted to the problem of state aid, especially in the context of the indication of the specific characteristics of state aid in Poland against the background of the countries of the European Union.

Purpose – The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through a description of a theoretical-methodological approach to measuring the national intellectual capital (NIC) along with its application in the evaluation of the European Union countries (2015). Research method – The synthetic indicator, describing the intellectual capital of the EU countries was quantified by using the TOPSIS method. The year 2015 is the study period. Results – The estimation results confirm the diversity of the intellectual capital level in the 28 countries of the EU. The highest index value applies to Sweden. Romania takes the last – 28th place and belongs to the fourth typological group with a very low potential of intellectual capital. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The new perspective on defining and taxonomy of intellectual capital (including ecological capital) is a kind of novum in this area. As a result, the elaborated ranking of the EU countries provides a new, wider perspective on the intellectual capital issues.

Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the innovation level in the European Union countries, but in a different way than it was adopted in the European Union reports (European Innovation Scoreboard, and earlier Innovation Union Scoreboard). Analyses were performed in relation to INPUTS-OUTPUTS. Research method – Two methods of multi-criteria analysis were used in the calculations. The first is the popular method known as Simple Additive Weighting. The second is the method known as Processing Technique of Ratings for Ranking of Alternatives, which was developed by the author of this article. Results – The obtained results of the innovation level were analyzed. Analysis concerned two periods: 2016 and 2011 and determined aggregate ratings, which characterized the innovation level of particular European Union countries. Four classes of the innovation level were defined: innovation leaders, good innovators, week innovators and innovation outsiders. Then, based on the calculated global ratings, European Union countries have been assigned to the appropriate classes. The results of this analysis were compared with the classification of the EU Member States in terms of the innovation level that IUS / EIS reports contain. Analyses in relation to INPUTS-OUTPUTS have also made it possible to assess the usefulness of indicators from the IUS / EIS reports to measure the innovation level in such a way. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The analysis of the innovation level was carried out using two multi-criteria analysis methods.

Purpose – The aim of this article is to examine the impact of sustainable urban mobility on the quality of life of inhabitants of functional urban areas. A thesis has been posed about the important relationship between them. Research method – The article uses the method of soft modelling, which enables the study of the relationships between the hidden variables. Statistical data used in the empirical study concerns the Bialystok Functional Area. Results – As a result of the conducted research and analyses, key determinants of sustainable urban mobility and quality of life were determined, the most important threats related to environmental degradation were identified as well as innovative solutions for sustainable urban mobility that should be implemented in order to effectively manage resources and protect them for the future generations were found. Originality /value – Key research results can be useful in the process of developing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans.