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Coral reefs has played a significant role in coastal ecosystems and economics in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia has released regulations and applied projects to manage coral reefs since 1978. Programs and actions to help coral reefs management have been carried out by national and international NGOs since early 1990s. Unfortunately, destructive fishing practices were still continued and have increased since economic crisis in 1997. The aims of this paper are to describe the reasons of destructive fishing practices and to analysis the implementation of better fishing methods. The study shows that the lack of integrated programs among government agencies has led to the open access property right of coral reefs. The improvement of coral reefs uses can be implemented if de facto open access of property right of coral reefs is changed to the more responsible and acceptable common property right. The fishermen and fish traders, coral collectors and coral traders, and tourism operators in certain coral reefs area can be integrated in one institution to share the use rights and responsibilities of coral reefs. This strategy must be followed by redefinition of working mechanisms among institutions involved in coral reefs management.

Establishment of Marine Protected Area Sukabumi once the backup area Pangumbahan as Turtle Beach Coastal Conservation Areas and Small Islands (KKP3K), directly or indirectly, in desperate need of local community participation in the management of the region. Public perception of environmental conservation activities in the region is expected to help better management activities in the marine conservation area. The results of the analysis of the validity and reliability of the indicator variables assessed showed that each variable has a value Corrected Item-Total Correlation greater than 0.300. While the reliability value is greater than 0.700, i.e. 0.827 (perception), 0.897 (participation), 0.894 (law enforcement), 0.858 (policy), and 0.846 for the variable management. Based on the analysis of variables concluded that the perception of stakeholders and local government policies related Pangumbahan Turtle Conservation Area is the most dominant variable in determining the success of the conservation area management.

Indonesian government released Fisheries Sharing Law (UU Bagi Hasil Perikanan No. 16/1964) to avoid income gap among fishermen. But local fisheries sharing system stilI applied in some areas. These facts supported the research to find the reasons of institutionalization failure of fisheries sharing law. Research gain indicated that local fisheries sharing system used the same way to calculated net product among fishing gears, but different way in shared net product between owner and tenant in each gear. Fisheries sharing law used the same way to calculated net product and the same way in shared net product between owner and tenant in every fishing gear. This law were not favourable especially by the owners of gillnet and trammel net because their income will be decreased if they used it. Both fisheries sharing systems still made income gap between owner and tenant in each fishing gear and economically not suitable because unequality between opportunity and gain. Based on this comparative study, it is important to applied alternative sharing system which gave equality in product shared and economically consequences.

Damage on the coastal area of Karawang Regency requires improvement efforts through the implementation of several government policies. However, modification of the policy developed to manage natural resources in the sea was one of the causes of non-optimal role of the government in rehabilitating coastal areas. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implemented regency government policies in achieving successful coastal rehabilitation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. The results shows the capacity of the Karawang Regency Government was still low in supporting the successful implementation of coastal rehabilitation policies. The Karawang Regency Government needs to collaborate with other stakeholders, redistribute employees, and encourage increase on education and training for staff.

Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) merupakan salah satu sumber daya ikan bernilai ekonomi tinggi di perairan Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama, mengetahui kondisi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang di WPP NRI. Kedua, merumuskan model pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang, yang menyediakan manfaat ekonomi optimal berdasarkan pendekatan bio-ekonomi. Ketiga, merumuskan strategi optimal dampak kebijakan pada produksi ikan Cakalang dengan pendekatan model keseimbangan umum (CGE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan Cakalang di perairan Indonesia selama periode 2010-2016, mengalami lebih tangkap (overfishing) ekonomi dan biologi. Pengelolaan sumber daya ikan Cakalang dapat memberikan keuntungan ekonomi dalam keseimbangan Maksimum Economic Yield (MEY). Berdasarkan hasil simulasi Model CGE Cakalang, terlihat bahwa kebijakan (shock) penurunan produksi tangkapan ikan Cakalang sebesar 7,04% dapat mendorong peningkatan harga ikan Cakalang baik ditingkat produsen (5,33%) dan konsumen dalam negeri (5,45%). Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa model CGE-Cakalang sangat sesuai dengan teori ekonomi sumber daya.Title: Economic Model of Skipjack Resource Management in IndonesiaSkipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) is one of fish resource that has important economic value in Indonesian waters. The objectives of this study were to : 1) identify the condition of skipjack resource management in WPPNRI; 2) to formulate a model of Skipjack resources management in order to provide its optimum economic benefit based on bio-economy approach; 3) to formulate the best strategies to respond government policy on skipjack production with general equilibrium model (CGE). The results showed that the Skipjack resources in Indonesian waters during period of 2010-2016 experienced economic and biological overfishing. Skipjack resources management offered economic benefits in equilibrium maximum economic yield (MEY). CGE Model of Skipjack shows that decreased production of Skipjack will increase its price among producers by 5,33 %, local ...

This research was intended to calculate values of tourism and fishery economic loss due to aquatic pollution by applying a dynamic model. Data collected is obtained through direct field and from data base Fisheries department, ecotourism and local government.Data process with Stella versi 9.0.2 High Performance System, Inc., 2007. Results of this research showed a simulation with budget allocation of sewage end processing installation (IPAL) and working effectivity of 30%, it was gained net benefit in fishery and tourism as much as Rp1.469.772/month and total benefit received up to the 10th year was Rp12.538.802.584.706.- Model simulation of compensation of insentive value was Rp1.153 person//month at the initial period to Rp8.397.567,- end of this simulation. If compared between the compensation value and the insentive value received by the community, there was a net surplus that give an economic advantage between values paid by the community to solve the pollution and benefit enjoyed by the community. At theoptimism scenario model, it was found impact of economic increase, whereas, results of the pessimism model gave a decrease by introducing sewage processing installation.

The sustainability of capture fisheries development in Indonesia faces various challenges, such as climate change, pollution, resource degradation, and pressure from fluctuating commodity prices.Furthermore, a policy breakthrough with proper strategy is needed in realizing sustainable capture fisheries development. This study aims to formulate the most appropriate policy from several existed alternative policies to achieve sustainable capture fisheries development. Primary and secondary data are used in this study. A prospective analysis (SMIC-Prob-Expert) approach is used to formulate priority policy scenarios for capture fisheries development in Indonesia. As results, the analysis brings about six main priority alternative policies, namely: (1) increasing utilization of fisheries resources (SDI), (2) increasing capture fisheries productivity, (3) increasing fishermen household income, (4) providing fisheries insurance/social security, (5) improving status utilization of SDI, and (6) increase in the value of capture fisheries non-tax state revenue (PNBP). The analysis shows that policy scenario 01 (111111) or by implementing all alternatives policy simultaneously is the best choice. If the policymakers are faced with options, then the policy scenario becomes the last option to be taken simultaneously is not to choose a policy of providing insurance/social security tofishermen; or in the in this case policy scenario 05 (111011).

Coastal and small islands are faced with various significant challenges. The trend shows that the region suffered largely from habitat destruction, changes on natural processes of ecosystems andpollution. Coastal and small islands regions became increasingly complex as conflicts of interest occur, both within the community and at the government level. Thus, activities to be placed within this region should consider the compatibility between needs and the region's ability in providing resources. This study aims to develop a management strategy for unpopulated islands in utilization of natural resources. The research was conducted through descriptive evaluative method, using spatial analysis to obtain suitability between the waters and the carrying capacity of the area usingArcGIS 10.3. On the other hand, management strategies were formulated using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The ecological potentials of Nusa Manu and Nusa Leun Islands covers diving, snorkeling tours, mangrove tracking and beach tourism, grouper fish aquaculture within floating netcages and fishing grounds. The potentials are suitable and can be utilized for various activities with priority on conservation-based marine ecotourism. This management strategy sides with the people, opens employment opportunities and able to encourage economic growth while maintaining the sustainability aspects of natural resources.

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the feasibility of fishing of reef fish for consumption and optimum utilization of reef fish. This research conducted at Sikka District using primary and secondary data. The analysis used in this study using the proposed feasibility (Kadariah et.al, 2001) and the Bioeconomic analysis by Clark, Yoshimoto and Pooley (1992). Businesses reef fishing is using fishing gear, gill nets and traps remain profitable and feasible to be developed because of the NPV Rp38,414,136.75, Rp44,403,139.89 and Rp1,893,186.47; IRR 111%, 61% and 22 %, and the value of net Benefit-Cost 12.64, 5.30, and 1.19. Optimal exploitation of biological of reef fishery management were 1,907,168 fishing effort, 397.18 ton per year production and Rp3.782.990.000 economic rent per year. While the optimum economic exploitation of reef fishery management were 1,537,262 fishing effort, 382.24 ton per year productions and Rp4.015.500.000 economic rent per year. Although reef fishing business benefits but the exploitation rate carried out by fishers had dedicated over exploitation so that government policy to limit the fishing effort should be imposed.Keywords: economic policy, reef fish for consumption, Sikka district

Abstract: The mole crab (Hippidae) is a filter feeder organism from crustacean that inhabits in sandy coastal areas. Due to its nature, this organism is able to accumulate heavy metals in a large amount. The concentration of heavy metals in this organism will increase in line with the polluting condition of its habitat. Heavy metals which exceed the standard in the organism body will be implicated to the human health who consumes the organism. The sandy crabs are found in large amount in Widara Payung coastline, Cilacap Regency. They are captured by the locals for meals. The heavy metal content such as Lead in the organism body never been investigated in this area previously. This research aimed to estimate the health risk of people who consume the sandy crabs in the area of Widara Payung, Cilacap Regency. This research was conducted on April to May 2018 and a location of sampling was determined purposively. Samples consisted of three types namely sandy crab body, sediment, and seawater. Each sample was preserved in an ice box and then transported to Aquatic Productivity and Environment Laboratory in Bogor Agricultural Univeristy for heavy metal analyzing. Results of this research exhibited that the average of Lead content in the water, sediment, and body of the sandy crab were 0.007 mg/l, 43.43 mg/kg, 0,97 mg/kg, respectively. The Lead content in the crab body the standard issued by the government of Indonesia through the BPOM, namely 0.20 mg/kg. Regular monitoring of Pb concentration in the mole crab and its habitat is suggested. Keywords: consumption, Emerita emeritus, Hippidae, intertidal, pollution Abstrak: Undur-undur laut (Hippopidae) adalah crustacea filter feeder yang hidup di daerah pantai intertidal berpasir. Karena sifatnya, organisme ini mampu mengakumulasi logam berat dalam jumlah besar. Konsentrasi logam berat dalam organisme ini akan meningkat sejalan dengan kondisi polusi habitatnya. Logam berat yang melebihi standar dalam tubuh organisme akan berimplikasi pada kesehatan manusia yang ...

This study aims to determine how big the value of the total economic benefits of mangrove forest by using the concept of economic valuation to calculate the value of the benefits of natural resources which exist in 9 District of Banggai Regency and Banggai Island Regency located in Peleng Strait Costal Area there are: District of Batui Selatan, Batui, Luwuk Timur, Lamala, Masama, Balantak, Bualemo (in Banggai Regency Area) and District of Buko and Buko Selatan (Banggai Island Regency). The research was conducted in August to November 2016, by conducting field observations and interviews directly to the community and local government. Based on the results obtained that indicate the area of mangrove forest ecosystems in Peleng Strait Costal Area with a broad ± 167 ha, have total value of economic benefits amounted Rp 26,591,841,888/year with the largest contributor to the value of benefits is from the value of indirect benefits that is the value of the benefits of mangrove forests as a buffer abrasion or sea water waves is about Rp 16.030.000.000. The total value of economic benefits can be used as a reference or basic comparison for the community and the government in determining the policy management and utilization of existing mangrove forests. Keywords: mangrove forest ecosystems, benefits value, economicvaluation

The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) is a description of the biological, socio-economic and socio-cultural values of a particular coastal and marine area used as a priority response to oil spills, shown on a map by applying spatial analysis using geographic information system technology. The purpose of this research was to analyse mangrove ecosystem area in Banggai and Banggai Islands Regency based on its vulnerability value by analyzing mangrove community structure and socio-economic services for local community. The research was conducted in nine sub-districts, among others: South Batui, Batui, East Luwuk, Lamala, Masama, Balantak, Bualemo (Banggai) and Bulagi and Buko (Banggai Islands). The study was conducted from August to November 2016, with field observations, direct interviews with communities and local government and literature review. The results of spatial analysis of ESI in the coastal areas of Banggai and Banggai Islands are obtained from sensitivity values of medium and sensitive. Areas with moderate sensitivity are Batui, East Luwuk, Masama, Lamala, Balantak and Bualemo sub-districts with grades of 16,78 – 24,35. The value of ESI with sensitive category ranges from 38,24 – 57,54 in Bulagi, Buko and South Batui sub-districts. Keywords: mangrove ecosystem, Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)

This study was aimed at producing a management strategy of Miangas island as an outermost small island of Indonesia adjacent to Phillippine based on ecological, economic, social, legal and institutional, and political sustainability. Data analyses used multidimensional scaling (MDS) using RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries Status) with Eucliden Distances. Results showed that education level was relatively low to the education level of North Sulawesi Province, market was still traditional, and mean income relative to regional minimum wage was still too far below the community