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Foreword-- Abdullah Turkistani Introduction-- Michael Looft PART I: TRENDS Ethical Finance: Introduction-- Miguel Ganzo 1. How Finance Could be Embedded in Ethics-- Elias Erragraguy, Kader Merbouh, and Bernard Paranque 2. Social Responsible Investments-- Inigo Serrats Islamic Banking: Introduction-- Raja Almarzoqi 3. The Role of Islamic Finance in Economic Development-- Raja Almarzoqi 4. Integrating Philanthropy with Microfinance-- Mohammed Obaidullah and Nasim Shirazi Non-Banking Solutions: Introduction-- Jonathan Axtell 5. Non-Banking Solutions-- Faisal Atbani PART II: PRACTICAL EXAMPLES: GLOBAL PROBLEMS, LOCAL SOLUTIONS 6. Crowdfunding and Islamic Finance-- Tamer Taha and Inmaculada Macias 7. The Solidarity Fund Project-- Juan Antonio Romera 8. The Garut Waste Bank Project-- Anton Abdul Fatah 9. The Swedish JAK-- Miguel Ganzo Conclusion-- Celia de Anca

Policy makers and governments often pay little attention to support cancer registries and cancer research in Africa and mainly in East Africa. This paper demonstrates that an updated cancer registry data could be one of the main factors to control and treat cancer cases. The approach of the paper is situated in the broader studies of cancer registry and epidemiology and its effects on cancer control and treatment. The paper also shows why the findings of this study are significant. The paper makes recommendations that will hopefully help policy makers in understanding the problems and obstacles facing cancer registries and cancer genomics research in East Africa. The current study conducted a field research survey to assess the cancer registries, cancer epidemiology and cancer genomics research capabilities in five East African countries including Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Uganda and Kenya. Uganda and Kenya were included as cancer registry controls in order to compare the best practices and lessons learnt from the existing cancer registries. This will facilitate the formulation of appropriate policies and recommendations for improved cancer care and prevention in this region. The current study provided the baseline information for conducting cancer genome analyses in the near future in this region. The study also addressed the challenges facing these countries to have up-to-date cancer registries. The study adopted questionnaire and interviewing approach to conduct the field research survey. The questionnaire assessed the cancer registries, cancer epidemiology and cancer genomics research capabilities in these countries.

The recent financial crisis has significantly damaged the global financial industry's image, particularly affecting the image of interest-bearing assets as well as the regulatory framework of central banks. As a result, new ways of doing finance have developed, creating alternatives to the regular financial system. These alternatives include ethical banking, which prohibits certain practices, such as, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, money laundering, and fraud; non-banking solutions, a method of intermediating money as an alternative to interest-based loans; and Islamic finance, an alternative method to interest-based loans which prohibits interest-based loans, something that is considered central to the conventional financial system. This book explores each of these non-conventional banking and financing mechanisms in detail, with case studies from distinguished experts in higher education institutions, asset management firms, non-profit, multilateral and international organizations, and includes examples from Egypt, Spain, the United States, Sweden, and Indonesia, in which these alternative methods have succeeded. Social Impact Finance is the third book in the IE Business Publishing series for the Saudi Spanish Center of Islamic Economics and Finance and will be of particular interest to micro, small & medium sized businesses as well as young entrepreneurs.

In Ägypten wurden in den letzten 3 Jahren Laichfische der Familie Cyprinidae importiert, um die Fischproduktion zu erhöhen. In 3 ägyptischen Fischbruthäusern wurde von Epidemien bei diesen Fischen berichtet. Der Erreger konnte identifiziert werden. Forderung nach Einhaltung strenger tierärztlicher Kontrollen während des Transports lebender Fische, um die einheimischen Fischarten nicht zu gefährden. (DÜI-Ott)

Einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Bedeutung der Fischerei zur Versorgung der ägyptischen Bevölkerung mit tierischem Eiweiß folgt die Darstellung der derzeitigen Situation der ägyptischen Fischressourcen, ihrer Produktivitäten und Verbesserungspläne sowie der wirtschaftlichen Probleme der Fischbestände. (DÜI-Hns)

Islamic republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are identified as two effective countries in sub-region of the Persian Gulf, that the radius of their influence covers whole great region of the Middle East. The relationship between the two countries have been full of tension during last decade, and during this period changes of political authorities of these countries were not able to improve this relationship. The cause is the resources of foreign policy behavior of the two countries, historical backgrounds of each country, as well as conflict of interest of each in the region of the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. The most competition atmosphere between the two countries is inside the three climacteric countries of Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Accordingly, the prospect of bilateral relations is a consequence of their behaviors in the region and also their dealings with these three countries. Three scenarios presented regarding the two countries' foreign policy in the region can be discussed: efforts to establish governments, attempts to maintain political structures of collapsing countries, and finally, continuation of current trends that may lead to disintegration of these climacteric countries. By studying these scenarios and drivers, blockers and their wild cards, this paper considers the second scenario best for both countries, which is consistent with their national interests, and with the region's history and general situation.

Aim: Consanguineous marriages are common in Pakistan despite their declining popularity in the developed world. In the present study, a questionnaire based survey was used to record the attitudes and perceptions of consanguineous marriages among the sample population. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect information on the acceptability of, and perceptions about, consanguineous marriages among patients presenting to family physicians, at the Family Practice Center of the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Demographic data was collected as part of the questionnaire. Each participating patient signed a consent form after assurance of confidentiality was provided. Results: A total of 393 patients were surveyed. The mean age of the study population was 29.4 years, 165 (42%) were men and 228 (58%) were women. The majority were married, well educated and were students, in private or government service or self employed. One hundred (25%) of the respondents were either married or were planning to marry their first cousin, and 57 (14%) their second cousin. The main reasons in favor of consanguineous marriages were quoted as: 'arranged marriage', 'it is healthy to marry within the family' and 'it is traditional'. Some 271 (69%) of the respondents said 'yes' to their son or daughter marrying within the family. Constraints of religion, status, caste, family differences and the fear of incompatibility were among the reasons quoted as difficulties in finding a mate outside the family. Neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were quoted as diseases resulting from consanguineous marriages. Security of knowing the mate in the family, culture and religion, and having more information about the mate before marriage were quoted as reasons for the continued popularity of consanguineous marriages in Pakistan. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a high degree of acceptability of consanguineous marriages among the study population and documented factors influencing such marriages. We recommend further studies, intervention strategies and debate on the issue.

SummaryThis study examined the recent level, trends and determinants of consanguineous marriage in Jordan using time-series data from the Jordan Population and Family Health Surveys (JPFHSs). According to the 2012 JPFHS, 35% of all marriages were consanguineous in Jordan in 2012. There has been a declining trend in consanguinity in the country, with the rate decreasing from a level of 57% in 1990. Most consanguineous marriage in 2012 were first cousin marriages, constituting 23% of all marriages and 66% of all consanguineous marriages. The data show that women with a lower age at marriage, older marriage cohort, larger family size, less than secondary level of education, rural place of residence, no employment, no exposure to mass media, a monogamous marriage, a husband with less than higher level of education and lower economic status, and those from the Badia region, were more likely to have a consanguineous marriage. Increasing age at marriage, level of education, urbanization and knowledge about the health consequences of consanguinity, and the ongoing socioeconomic and demographic transition in the country, will be the driving forces for further decline in consanguinity in Jordan.

Sebagai negara kepulauan dan negara maritim yang strategis, Indonesia telah mencanangkan konsep poros maritim dunia sebagai agenda resmi pemerintah. Tulisan ini membahas tentang kondisi perairan Indonesia, perkembangan lingkungan strategis di tingkat global maupun kawasan, potensi ancaman yang ada serta strategi pertahanan laut yang dapat diterapkan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menyeleksi lebih dulu data primer yang diperoleh, dan kemudian melengkapinya dengan dengan data sekunder serta informasi yang diperoleh melalui penelusuran internet. Hasil penelitian mengungkap beberapa tipe ancaman keamanan terkini yang cukup kompleks yang dihadapi Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara kepulauan dan juga maritim, yang datang dari meningkatnya ketegangan dan eskalasi konflik di Laut Cina Selatan, serta dari beragam kejahatan transnasional. Dalam hal konflik di Laut Cina Selatan, diperlukan cara yang tepat bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan strategi penangkalan dengan menyusun dan memperkuat strategi pertahanan laut dengan membentuk komponen utama melalui restrukturisasi kementrian dan lembaga terkait berdasarkan aspek militer, politik, ekonomi, sipil, dan informasi, dimana strategi ini bergantung pada eskalasi konflik yang terjadi dan penggunaan kekuatan militer negara di wilayah yang disengketakan.

Labor law has a significant social need that it is organized a category which could be the biggest between the society categories، and it has the obvious effect upon rules which came in most of it in the committed trait to find the minimal limit from the labor laws so it organized their relationship with employer.Thu, the worker related with employer in contractual relationship, impose controversial duties and laws upon the two parts ، and in order to be in front of contractual relationship that refer to labor law rule, it should has three conditions, which are: (work should be paid, private, and dependency). According to what subordination coalition performs of special importance that represented in the worker situation in a legal position that make him worth the legal protection, this coalition results in worker responds the orders and directions from employers، the employers right in administration and supervising، and the need of worker to respect this right, and what spots the practical execution for the work contract from the worker failure in doing his duties an entering the punishments taboos, and appears a type of works that weak with it the supervising that worker receive it from the employer, in addition to the role of subordination coalition in discrimination the work contract from others similar contracts. This element has been searched and what could be results from it as legal and practical difficulties that imposed legal situations which reflect on worker stabilization in his work.The ultimate goal of this research is in the investigation the extent of the subordination condition importance in the work relation and its role in implantation the Jordanian labor law rules on that relation.

Background: Although extensive studies on adolescent suicidal behavior have been conducted in developed countries such as the United States, little data exist on risk factors for suicide among adolescents in culturally and socially disadvantages settings, such as Jamaica. Aims: To conduct a preliminary investigation of risk factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt among youths in Western Jamaica. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 342 adolescents aged 10–19 years from 19 schools. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that a history of self-violence, violent thoughts toward others, mental health diagnoses other than depression, and a history of sexual abuse were positively associated with suicide attempt. Sexual abuse, mental health diagnoses other than depression, self-violence, and ease of access to lethal substances/weapons were positively associated with suicide ideation. Conclusions: We found a relatively high prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents living in Western Jamaica. An accurate understanding of the prevailing risk factors for suicide attempts will promote a more sympathetic approach to victims and facilitate prevention efforts.