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Kitab Pembebasan is Eko Prasetyo's first work in the field of interpretation contains the stories of prophets and friends in the Qur'an. For him, the stories of the prophets no longer have the power to change circumstances, then progressive logic brings Eko to an interpretation of the stories of the prophet to the surrounding social problems. When many commentators who interpret the Quran relate to the social community, then interpreting the Quran leads to social criticism being unique to discuss. So this paper is focused on discussing social criticism in the Book of Liberation. In this paper, there are indications of the content of social criticism Eko Prasetyo then grouped them into five fields, namely economics, religion, education, politics and society. Then explained based on the theme specifically. Then develop social criticism based on each theme. Among them is a criticism of the economic system of capitalism, interpretation of the meaning of Satan, tyranny, seditious and idolatrous, religious and financiers, criticism of Suharto and the New Order, the case of the murderous activist Salim deer. Also, Eko's other works were reviewed to develop his criticisms. The interpretation for Eko through the Book of Liberation is the contextualization of the problems that occur around him, Eko does not care about the interpretation of the interpretation, because for Eko, the Qur'an is a book of movements that must be practiced.Keyword: Eko Prasetyo, Progressive Interpretations, Qissah, al-Qur'an

This research investigates the impact of Small and Medium enterprises (SME's) in economic development in general and with reference to Rural Development, in particular, to analyze the export potential of Pakistani's SME's and its impact on the economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from 100 SMEs business exports in Pakistan by using simple random technique and Structural questionnaire is the basic tool for measuring export potential. Data from developing countries were collected through secondary sources and data were analysis by using Gen-Stat-statistical software. The response rate was 90% 180 samples were responded in this research. Gen-Stat statistical software has been used to analyses the data. It was revealed that the export potential of SME's in Pakistan is much better than among third world countries but compare to developing world we are bit slow in developing export markets in the world. The strategic planning and resources should be needed for increasing export through SME's. The results showed that Pakistani' SME's using only small portion in the export of the SME's products where as other developing countries like Malaysia, Thialand, Japan they develop their economy through SME's. A survey was conducted in various districted of Pakistan and specially 60% from the interior Sindh province. Sample size was 200 and using simple random technique. The growth of SME in Pakistan is increasing in last decades and especially in the interior Sindh the women's are more actively participate in developing Small and Medium Enterprises business in Sindh. It was revealed the Government and private sector should encourage women's to participate more in developing SMEs in various parts of Pakistan.

The current research addressed the issue of challenges faced by the rural women in Balochistan. A qualitative research were conducted on various parts of the Balochistan, Data were collected from 300 respondents five districts of Balochistan i.e. Turbat, Gawader, Sibbi, Pashen and Khuzdar Districts by using simple random technique. It was revealed that women in Balochistan are facing lot f problems like karo Kari, sexual harassments by their Tribal Waderas and feeling unsecure. Women are totally deprived from the basic rights. According to our research about 80% of the Karo Kari cases are based on Bias basis there was no reality. It was further revealed that women are facing difficulties and after Watta satta marriages they feel unsecure. Government and NGOs can play role to educate those women about their basic rights. Women are deprived from their basic rights in Balochistan. In most of the cases they are illegally raped with their feudal and in many cases they were married with 60 years old man without their wishes.

The current research investigates the sustainability and its changing paradigm in rural development in Sindh. Data were collected from 400 respondent's five districts Nawabshah, Nausheroferoze, Matyari, Dadu, and Tando Allayer, by using simple random technique. Structural questionnaire was the basic tool for measuring the change. It was revealed that creation of institutions, such as, officials elected representatives at districts block and village level. Such decentralization of institutions have been to promote a participatory strategy for rural development at Micro/or village level. It was further revealed that To achieve sustainable development it is still seems to be an elusive one until there is a determined government effort to allow officials (RD) and non-official (PRIs) to work in harmony for the betterment and reduction in the number of rural poor.

This research investigates the textile industry clusters in Pakistan. A cross sectional data were collected from 30 textile industries by using simple random technique and data were analysis by using E-Views software. Structural questionnaire was the basic tool for measures the performance of textile clusters in Pakistan. It was revealed that the industry is in urgent need of financial and technological investments. However, according to recent official figures, the Pakistan textile industry contributes more than 60% to the country's total exports, which amounts to around 5.2 billion US dollars. The manufacturing sector contributes to around half of the total exports and textile sector contributes around 46% of the manufacturing sector's contribution. The negative growth of 2.6 % declining from $16.4 billion last year to $ 16.0 billion in July-April 2008-09. Ministry of Textile Industry should launch and endorse the development of cluster-based textiles vision. It further revealed that Government should emphasis on increase Efficiency and Productivity with the help of research and development department and identifies key areas for process.

The current research investigates the Welfare impact of SAFTA on the economy of Pakistan in general and South Asia in perspective. This research analyzes the potential economic costs and benefits of Pak-India trade in exporting various consumer goods. The first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each others' imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. After employing the simplified static analysis framework, the analysis based on simulations reveals that current demand for Pakistani Basmati Rice and other consumer items like leather and cotton-made garments will expand after the FTA and consumer surplus will increase. The drop in the domestic prices of Rice will increase the production of many downstream industries, which will have pleasant multiplier effects on the economy of Pakistan. The government may reduce MFN tariffs on industrial dates before implementing the FTA. A key rule of multilateral trade system is that the reduction in trade barriers should be applied on a most-favored nation basis (MFN) to all WTO members the countries which are part of the SAFTA. The only exception to the MFN principle built into the GATT legal framework is the provision for reciprocal free trade within customs unions and free trade areas (GATT article XXIV). The objectives of the present study are to analyze and quantify the potential economic cost and benefits of the prospective trade between India and Pakistan to consumers, producers and government of the two countries. The export of Rice, leather and cotton-made garments may be conducted by two scenarios, i.e. when normal trading relations between Pakistan and India will be restored and when there will be a free trade between Pakistan and India in the presence of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, there will be net export benefits in Pakistan's economy.

Rural livelihoods in Sindh recorded an improvement despite financial constraints, expenditure doubled between 2001 and 2006 growing at an average rate of 23% per annum. Public sector contributed significantly through various interventions on poverty alleviation but the most worrying situation was the expenditure on food subsides, food support programs and low cost housing has been stagnant even in nominal terms with negative repercussions for the poor and the needy. Sindh Agricultural and forestry workers coordinating organization has made social mobilization as core activity and entry point followed by different development interventions. The Agha Khan rural support program provides a one time grant to complement village organizations to the infrastructure projects. The national rural support program has lowered the levels of poverty in member households. The Pakistan poverty alleviation fund educational program provides quality learning at primary level in district Sanghar. Similarly PPAF has also improved health care through the provision of quality basic health services. The young Sheedi welfare organization has establish emergency centre for disaster preparedness and provided 600 goats to 200 beneficiaries. Badin rural development society through their effort 1500 women and 2800 men in 60 villages are engaged in development process. The major strength of NGOs was that they have special ability to reach the poor and other segments of society while their major weakness is small size and budget and lack technical capacity to confront difficult situation. It is recommended that NGOs should ensure that new technologies are introduced to help farmers improve and increase crop production. NGOs should create a condition in which the poor are either given or enabled to acquire their assets and a peaceful environment to benefit from those assets. Government should provide facilities for institutional building to the local NGOs this will encourage them to work sincerely towards poverty alleviation. NGOs should not rely on government for future projects instead they can raise funds through savings and donation from rich individuals.

Background: Prehospital treatment following acute pesticide poisoning is not optimal and mortality following such poisoning is high in Bangladesh. Method: It was a prospective study in which pattern of pre-hospital treatment received and outcome of pesticide poisoned patient were studied at one adult medical unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from October 2005 to June 2006. Results: The number of cases of pesticide poisoning were 60 (1.98%) of 3030 admitted patients. The mean age was 24.7±8.8 years. Most of them (40, 66.7%) were male. The incidence of poisoning was high among students (11, 18.3%) and housewives (10, 16.7%). The most common cause of poisoning was intentional (55, 91.7%). Familial disharmony was underlying cause in 27 (45%) patients. More than half of the patients (41, 68.3%) purchased the poison self. 25 (41.7%) patients got first contact with physician within 30 minutes of poisoning. In majority cases (45, 75%) first contact health care provider was government hospital. Only 22 (36.7%) patients received first aid before arrival to present hospital. Among them, 19 (31.7%) patients received induced vomiting by ingestion of tamarind water or lemon water or soap water or putting finger or other substances (cow dung, human excreta etc.) in mouth and 3 (15%) patients received home remedy like milk, raw egg etc. The overall mortality was 16.7%. Conclusion: Measures should be taken to increase the awareness among general population regarding the first aid following pesticide poisoning.

Pesticide self-poisoning is a major problem in Bangladesh. Over the past 20-years, the Bangladesh government has introduced pesticide legislation and banned highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) from agricultural use. We aimed to assess the impacts of pesticide bans on suicide and on agricultural production.We obtained data on unnatural deaths from the Statistics Division of Bangladesh Police, and used negative binomial regression to quantify changes in pesticide suicides and unnatural deaths following removal of WHO Class I toxicity HHPs from agriculture in 2000. We assessed contemporaneous trends in other risk factors, pesticide usage and agricultural production in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014.Mortality in hospital from pesticide poisoning fell after the 2000 ban: 15.1% vs 9.5%, relative reduction 37.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4 to 38.8%]. The pesticide poisoning suicide rate fell from 6.3/100 000 in 1996 to 2.2/100 000 in 2014, a 65.1% (52.0 to 76.7%) decline. There was a modest simultaneous increase in hanging suicides [20.0% (8.4 to 36.9%) increase] but the overall incidence of unnatural deaths fell from 14.0/100 000 to 10.5/100 000 [25.0% (18.1 to 33.0%) decline]. There were 35 071 (95% CI 25 959 to 45 666) fewer pesticide suicides in 2001 to 2014 compared with the number predicted based on trends between 1996 to 2000. This reduction in rate of pesticide suicides occurred despite increased pesticide use and no change in admissions for pesticide poisoning, with no apparent influence on agricultural output.Strengthening pesticide regulation and banning WHO Class I toxicity HHPs in Bangladesh were associated with major reductions in deaths and hospital mortality, without any apparent effect on agricultural output. Our data indicate that removing HHPs from agriculture can rapidly reduce suicides without imposing substantial agricultural costs.

Background: Pesticide self-poisoning is a major problem in Bangladesh. Over the last 20-years, the Bangladesh government has introduced pesticide legislation and banned highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) from agricultural use. We aimed to assess the impact on suicide and agricultural production of pesticide bans. Methods: We obtained data on unnatural deaths from the Statistics Division of Bangladesh Police and used negative binomial regression to quantify changes in pesticide suicides and unnatural deaths following removal of WHO Class I toxicity HHPs from agriculture in 2000. We assessed contemporaneous trends in other risk factors, pesticide usage, and agricultural production in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014. Result: Mortality in hospital from pesticide poisoning fell after the 2000 ban (15.1% vs 9.5%, relative reduction 37.1% [95% CI 35.4 to 38.8%]). The pesticide poisoning suicide rate fell from 6.3/100,000 in 1996 to 2.2/100,000 in 2014, a 65.1% (52.0 to 76.7%) decline. There was a modest simultaneous increase in hanging suicides (20.0% [8.4 to 36.9%] increase) but the overall incidence of unnatural deaths fell from 14.0/100,000 to 10.5/100,000 (25.0% [18.1 to 33.0%] decline). There were 35,042 (95% CI 25,502 to 45,666) fewer pesticide suicides in 2001 to 2014 compared the number predicted based on trends between 1996 to 2000. This reduction in rate of pesticide suicides occurred despite increased pesticide use and no change in admissions for pesticide poisoning, with no apparent influence on agricultural output. Conclusion: Strengthening pesticide regulation and banning WHO Class I toxicity HHPs in Bangladesh was associated with major reductions in deaths and hospital mortality, without any apparent effect on agricultural output. Our data indicate that removing HHPs from agriculture can rapidly reduce suicides without imposing substantial agricultural costs.