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This studyattempts to analysethe relationship between Islam and democracy objectively with logical rational arguments. It aims to clarify the differences between Islam and democracy in terms of values and concepts, in addition to explaining the reasons for the rejection of some Muslims against democracy and the arguments underlying their rejection. Then, itattempts to draw a theoretical relationship between Islam and democracy by asking critical questions, logical assumptions, and arguments that rely on the empirical practice of implementing democracy in Indonesia. Islam and democracy were born from two different ontological areas. Islam as a religion is believed to be sacred and absolute truth because ontologically its teachings come from God. While the democratic political system was born from the historical trajectory of human cultural development, it means that democracy is profane secular, and the truth is contextual perspective of the status quo of Muslim elite power politics. The concept of democracy in terms of genealogy, values, and orientation is not entirely the same as Islamic teachings, but it is not denied that Islamic teachings are in many respects substantially in line with the concept of democracy. Thus, Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, so it is fitting for Indonesian Muslims to become enforcers of democracy based on human religious values. That is a model of democracy that not only provides a place for the growth of people's beliefs or religiosity, but also provides space for the realization of human rights. Therefore, democracy as a concept, in its implementation, of course, must be adapted to the context and culture of the local community, especially Islamic communities such as in Indonesia and in the Middle East.

Pergulatan mengenai keindonesian kita hari ini, tak lepas dari peran sejarah, mengapa gelombang krisis ekonomi Asia menimpa seluruh aspek perekonomian hingga kebangsaan di awali tahun 1997 dan klimaks pada 21 Mei 1998 yang kemudian menandai tumbangnya Orde Baru yang selama 32 tahun di kuasai oleh Presiden Soeharto. Pemerintahan yang dianggap otoriter berganti dengan pemerintahan yang dianggap demokratis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif menurutCreswell dalam Sugiyono (2012) diantaranya yaitu narrative research. Dimana peneliti mencoba menggambarkan kehidupan seorang tokoh atau individu dan menuliskan cerita dan riwayat pengalaman tokoh ataupun individu tersebut serta bagaimana riwayat konstruksi sosial politik di Era Soeharto kini seolah menjadi tatanan sosial baru sehingga digambarkan dalam bentuk narrative research. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori Daniel Dhakidae Cendekiawan dan Kekuasaan; Dalam Negara Orde Baru dalam melihat bagaimana pola kekuasaan dalam Orde Baru sebagai pisau konstruksi analisis yang berkembang. Hasil pada penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana sebuah pemerintahan Orde Baru menjalankan mesin Negara dengan memperhadapkan kekuatan militer, partai politik dan kekuatan birokrasi sehingga mendapatkan kekuasaan yang terjalin sedemikian lama sehingga mampu menciptakan pengawasan maupun panoptik terhadap warga Negara yang begitu teratur dan cenderung memaksa. Dalam politik tubuh, kekuasaan Soeharto yang mendisiplinkan lembaga-lembaga negara dan partai politik, agama sampai pada masyarakat Indonesia diterangkan oleh Michael Foucault sebagai panoptik atau pengawasan sehingga tercipta suatu masyarakan disipliner.

This paper examines the praxis (actions) of the Prophet Muhammad in the phase of Mekka and Madina with the viewpoint of modern political theory. The aim is to provide a theoretical and rational explanation that the actions of the Prophet can not only be seen from a religious viewpoint but can also be seen from a political perspective in measures of political and state theory. One of the Prophet's political actions in the Mecca phase was to build agreements with representatives from the city of Yastrib in the event of the first and second Bai'at Aqabah. The event in the size of political science can be called a social contract, namely building a social agreement to form a joint political entity. So that the event is considered as the first fundamental foundation of the building of the Islamic State. Politically, the Bai'at event can be read like a meeting of two interests in one historical momentum. First, the interests of Muhammad as a messenger of Allah to transmit Islamic teachings to the people of Yastrib. Second, the interests of the Yatsrib community for the presence of a leader who was able to mediate in the social conflict between them - a conflict between the Aus tribe and the never-ending Khazraj tribe. While in the Medina phase, the Prophet's political action was to build a written agreement as a common legal basis that became a guideline for the people of Medina in acting, both socially and politically. This political document is called Shahifah in the original text and later experts call it the Medina constitution, which is the basis for the formation of a state for the Muslim community in Madina.

State and its function are conducted by institution mediated by contesting political parties within democratic events called 'public election.' This contestation works as public space where power is identified as electoral ceremony regulated through laws of election. Power is assigned by public power to the lawmaker or legislative power. This style of government has then been in line with regulated laws, not to accommodate the rich, nor to the poor, but applies for the sake of the whole. In an independent situation, political equality is critical. A medieval formula of independence states that salus populi supremelex (people welfare is the grandiose law). In preserving such principal rights, unfair treatment between the rich and the poor frequently occurs, which within some circumstance, leads to radical movement by certain group of insurgents. This typical group resists against the ruling government and complaining about the former's lack of access towards their principal rights of property, by which they believe that all conditions to guarantee the welfare of the people should be proportionally and equally available.

Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisa potensi kemenangan Dilla Hikmah Sari pada pilkada serentak 2024. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan yaitu teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan berbagai literatur seperti buku, majalah, jurnal, dan laporan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modalitas Dilla Hikmah sari jika dilihat dari modal sosial dan modal politik setidaknya menggambarkan bahwa peluang yang sedikit dalam memenangkan pilkada serentak 2024. Walaupun secara analisa Dilla Hikmah Sari memiliki modal sosial yang cukup, namun dalam konteks analisa modal politik yang Dilla miliki sangat ketergantungan kepada pengaruh ayahnya yang merupakan mantan bupati 2 periode. Satu-satu nya harapan yang dimiliki Dilla Hikmah Sari adalah legitimasi yang nantinya akan diberikan oleh Romi Haryanto sebagai petahana independen dalam memberikan dukungan kepada Dilla Hikmah Sari jika kita lihat dari perspektif "spoil system" karena telah membantu memenangkannya pada pilkada serentak 2020. Namun, walaupun Romi Haryanto mempunyai jaringan dan sejauh ini loyalitas jaringannya cukup teruji sebagaimana kita lihat pada pilkada Desember 2020 yang lalu yang dapat menang sebanyak 76,8%, Oleh sebab itu, kurangnya modalitas politik yang dimiliki Dilla Hikmah ini setidaknya menjadikan pertimbangan Dilla untuk melakukan safari politik kepada elit-elit partai politik di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, setidaknya mendapatkan kendaraan politik untuk dapat maju pada pilkada serentak 2024 dengan mempertimbangkan peluang-peluang yang ada.

Artikel ini akan membahas tentang konsolidasi demokrasi di Makassar. Dengan Kajian utama pada kasus Pilwali 2018 di Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif analisis. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori demokrasi, strukturasi serta konsep independensi. Temuan penelitian, pertama, dalam verifikasi berkas paslon bahwa KPU berdasar pada peraturan No.3 Tahun 2018 tentang acuan memverifikasi berkas yang dimana meliputi verifikasi administrasi dan verifikasi faktual. Kedua, dalam penetapan paslon bahwa KPU melakukan verifikasi berkas calon dengan meninjau langsung kesesuaian ijazah mulai dari sekolah pertamanya sampai pendidikan terakhirnya dan KPU juga memastikan apakah paslon telah melaporkan harta kekayaannya kepada KPK dengan berdasar pada UU No.10 Tahun 2016 maka paslon telah resmi ditetapkan. Ketiga, dalam diskualifikasi paslon KPU tidak memiliki otoritas dan menghiraukan putusan bawaslu sehingga terjadi diskualifikasi yang seharusnya KPU tidak perlu mendengar putusan PTTUN dan mengajukan kasasi ke MA karena putusan bawaslu juga sesuai dengan aturan perundang-undangan. Keempat, dalam proses pemungutan suara KPU membentuk KPPS yang bertugas di TPS untuk melaksanakan pemugutan suara. Dalam hal ini KPU hanya memfasilitasi kandidat dan pemilih bukan melakukan mobilisasi apalagi intervensi kepada pemilih. Kelima, dalam penetapan hasil pemungutan suara KPU melakukan rekap atau hasil perhitungan secara transparan ke masyarakat, KPPS sampai kecamatan dan terakhir rekap di KPU.

PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk is one of the consumer goods companies, the products it produces are easy to sell and quickly run out of the market. The speed with which it makes money, of course, affects the speed at which it makes a profit. In fact, this company has grown into a business giant. This shows that its production turnover is very fast and the company's ability to earn profits is certainly very fast too. However, there must be changes that occur in the financial report posts, either in the activity report or in the statement of financial position, in the form of an increase or decrease. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in financial report posts both horizontally and vertically and the development of company profitability. The data used are secondary data obtained indirectly but through intermediary media. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative analysis techniques, using financial analysis such as horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and using profitability ratios. Based on the analysis of the profitability ratio at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, it is known that the operating income ratio is greater than the net profit margin, which shows that the amount of funds spent on interest and taxes needs to be examined more deeply. The decline in operating ratio from 2017-2019 caused an increase in operating income ratio, this shows that the company's performance is getting better because it can reduce operating costs on sales. In the analysis of the income statement, it can be seen that there is an increase in cost efficiency which causes an increase in the level of sales to increase the value of gross profit due to a decrease in the cost of goods sold.

This study aims to analyze the moderate attitude (washathiyyah) that characterizes religious understanding in the Muhammadiyah Movement, especially in the conditions of the covid-19 pandemic, which until now has not ended. Muhammadiyah through its fatwa institutions, the Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid have issued circulars or guidelines for the implementation of worship during the covid-19 pandemic, as a form of response to the problems that arise in the midst of a very diverse society in responding to the conditions of this covid pandemic, there are some people who are indifferent even underestimate the issue of this pandemic, by not complying with the health protocols that have been made by the government there are also some others who are too excessive in responding to it, resulting in looting or hoarding of goods, even panic buying that occurs in several places. So, this is where the role of Muhammadiyah as a moderate Islamic movement is to contribute both morally and materially, one of which is by providing moderate religious understanding in responding to this pandemic. This research includes qualitative research that focuses on library research which is descriptive analytical based on text studies, In this case, the researchers made Muhammadiyah Central Leadership Circular Number 02/EDR/1.0/E/2020, regarding Worship Guidelines. In the Covid-19 Emergency and several other Tarjih fatwas related to guidelines for the implementation of worship during the Covid-19 pandemic as primary data. To analyze the data, the researcher used qualitative analysis using the method of content analysis. This method is used to draw conclusions through efforts to bring out the characteristics of the message which is carried out objectively and systematically. الملخص : تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الموقف الوسطي الذي أصبح سمة من سمات الجمعية المحمدية وخصائصها، وخاصة في حالة انتشار جائحة كوفيد-19. لقد أصدرت الجمعية المحمدية من خلال مجلس الترجيح والتجديد التابع لها الفتاوى والإرشادات في أداء العبادات أثناء جائحة كوفيد-19، استجابة للمشاكل التي يواجهها المجتمع الإندونيسي في شتى مواقفهم تجاه هذه الجائحة، منهم الأشخاص الذين لا يبالون بل يقللون من شأن قضية هذه الجائحة، من خلال عدم الامتثال للنظم الصحية التي وضعتها الحكومة، وبعض الآخر يبالغون في الاستجابة لها، مما يؤدي إلى نهب البضائع أو احتكارها، والشراء الذعر الذي حدث في العديد من الأماكن. فمن هنا، كان للجمعية المحمدية -بصفتها حركة إسلامية وسطية- دور هام في المساهمة معنويًا كان أو وماديًا، من خلال توفير المفاهيم الدينية الوسطية للمجتمع في الاستجابة لهذه الجائحة. يعتبر هذا البحث بحثا نوعيا بحيث يركز على البحث في المكتبات وهو بحث تحليلي وصفي يعتمد على دراسات نصية، وفي هذه الدراسة قام الباحث بدراسة منشور القيادة المركزية المحمدية رقم 02 / EDR / 1.0 / E / 2020 بشأن إرشادات العبادات خلال جائجة كوفيد-19 كبيانات أولية. ولتحليل البيانات استخدم الباحث المنهج التحليل النوعي بحيث تستخدم هذه الطريقة لاستخلاص النتائج من خلال الجهود المبذولة لإخراج خصائص الرسالة التي يتم تنفيذها بشكل موضوعي ومنهجي.

From 2017 to 2019, a number of street names were changed in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya City by each Provincial Government for the purpose of celebrating the reconciliation between the Sundanese (West Java) and the Javanese (Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta) after years of dispute due to the infamous Bubat Tragedy which occurred in the 14th century. Some existing street names in Yogyakarta and Surabaya were changed to those associated with Sundanese history, such as Jalan Padjadjaran and Jalan Siliwangi, while some existing street names in Bandung were changed to those associated with Javanese history, such as Jalan Majapahit and Jalan Hayam Wuruk. The author explores this phenomenon using the concept of critical toponymies and examines the connections between naming, place-making, and power underlying such policy. This study found that, although the changes were made with good intentions, in some cases this was actually opposed by several factions within the local community because those changes could obliterate the historical significance and collective memory represented by the previous names. From theoretical perspective, this paper also discussed the successful and unsuccessful changes of street names, as well as their relevance to the current context. In other words, our findings can be taken into consideration in future policy-making process.

Abstract Doctors are scientists who have been professionally educated to provide help and medical service to people in need. Sometimes a doctor has performed his actions following standard operating procedures, but in the final result, there are undesirable both patients' families, the number of cases against doctors who are suspected of making mistakes or more often we hear in other words malpractice. This type of research used in this research is normative legal research, namely research that studies document studies, namely various secondary data such as regulations, judicial decisions, legal theories, and scholars' opinions. The result of this study is that in carrying out their duties doctors obtain legal protection as long as it is by procedures. The form of legal protection is contained in the book Philips M. Handjon, it was explained that there are two forms of legal protection, the first is the protection of preventive law. Preventive law, namely the people, can express their opinions before the government decision gets a definitive form that aims to prevent disputes. And the legal consequences received by the doctor if found guilty in carrying out medical actions resulting in the death of the patient contained in law number 23 of 1992 concerning health article 82 paragraph 1 letter (a) states "who without expertise or authority intentionally performs treatment and or the treatment referred to in article 32 paragraph (4) shall be sentenced to a maximum of 5 years imprisonment or a maximum fine of one hundred million rupiahs. Violations of the article are threatened with criminal penalties if the patient dies then the sentence is added by one-third. Keywords: doctor, legal protection, legal consequences.

The Covid-19 pandemic has been going on for ± 1 year. This has an impact on all areas, including the education sector. The impact in the field of education itself forces learning to be carried out with an online system, both in Indonesia and even the world. Over time, the Indonesian government issued Joint Decrees (SKB) from the Minister of Education and Culture, the Minister of Religion (Menag), the Minister of Health (Menkes), and the Minister of Home Affairs (Mendagri) regarding the granting of face-to-face study permits to local governments by implementing protocols strict health. The face-to-face teaching and learning process itself is carried out in stages. In Kota Depok itself, the local government plans to carry out the teaching and learning process in stages by implementing health protocols in the 2021/2022 academic year. In line with that, schools need to prepare facilities that are in accordance with existing health protocols so that the teaching and learning process runs in an orderly, safe and comfortable manner. fluent. One of the most important facilities is a study table in accordance with health protocols. Taufiqurahman Junior High School is one of the schools located on Jl. Baiturrahim No. 12, Beji Timur, Kec. Beji, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. This school is located not far from the Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ) campus. This is certainly a concern of the academic community, especially the academic community of mechanical engineering study programs, because one of the main tasks of the academic community is to carry out the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, one of which is Community Service. Community service itself in the previous year has also been carried out at this school. For the sustainability of cooperation in the field of self-service, the community conducts observations of schools where the results of observations are that schools do not yet have study tables in accordance with health protocols. Therefore, this year the academic community of the mechanical engineering study program has the idea and idea to provide a grant in the form of a study table in accordance with health protocols as one of the preparations for the face-to-face teaching and learning process during the covid period. -19 pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, study table, Taufiqurrahman Islamic Junior High School

HOS Cocroaminoto is a politician as well as the leader of Sarekat Islam movement at the beginning of the 20th century. He was an active figure in the early world of the movement in the Hindia Belanda. In its political activity in 1918, he politicized the polemic of blasphemy in the newspapers of Djawi Hisworo to strengthen his political standing and attack his enemies. Through this politicization, Cokrominoto managed to attract many followers and mobilize the masses consisting of muslim. In this study, the author uses historical research methods wich include soirce criticism, interpretation, and historical writing.This writing is written with analitycal descriptive type. Research resource, among others: (1) Cokroaminoto politicized by attracting modernist Muslims to revive the branches of Sarekat Islam wich at the time were neglecte. (2) He also succeeded in estabilishing the Tentara Kandjeng Nabi Muhammad for the media movement. (3) He also managed to raise funds from Muslim merchants so many. Cokroaminoto then expelled enemies in the Communist-leaning Sarekat Islam which at the time became an obstacle for him to carry out his political activities.