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[Introduction] In this study, our aim was to elucidate the role of four polymorphisms identified in a prior large genome-wide association study (GWAS) in which the investigators analyzed the responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). The authors of that study reported that the four genetic variants were significantly associated. However, none of the associations reached GWAS significance, and two subsequent studies failed to replicate these associations. ; [Methods] The four polymorphisms (rs12081765, rs1532269, rs17301249 and rs7305646) were genotyped in a total of 634 TNFi-treated RA patients of Spanish Caucasian origin. Four outcomes were evaluated: changes in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) after 6 and 12 months of treatment and classification according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria at the same time points. Association with DAS28 changes was assessed by linear regression using an additive genetic model. Contingency tables of genotype and allele frequencies between EULAR responder and nonresponder patients were compared. In addition, we combined our data with those of previously reported studies in a meta-analysis including 2,998 RA patients. ; [Results] None of the four genetic variants showed an association with response to TNFi in any of the four outcomes analyzed in our Spanish patients. In addition, only rs1532269 yielded a suggestive association (P = 0.0033) with the response to TNFi when available data from previous studies were combined in the meta-analysis. ; [Conclusion] Our data suggest that the rs12081765, rs1532269, rs17301249 and rs7305646 genetic variants do not have a role as genetic predictors of TNFi treatment outcomes. ; The work done at Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) was supported by AbbVie Pharmaceuticals and partially by Cooperative Research Thematic Network (RETICS) programs RD08/0075/0011, RD12/0009/0004, RD12/0009/0012 and RD12/0009/0016 (RIER); "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Madrid, Spain); and grants from the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Be the Cure for Arthritis (BTCure) program. The work done in Santiago de Compostela was funded by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria from ISCIII, (Health Ministry, Madrid, Spain), grants PI11/01048, PI12/01909, RD08/0075/0019 and RD12/0009/0008, which are partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union. The sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; or in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. ; Peer Reviewed

Ecuador has started a national project focus on a new model of energetic management so as to reduce the Ecuadorian dependency on fossil fuels. With this purpose in mind, the government has disposed to replace liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookers for induction cookers. This will contribute to decrease the consumption of LPG, emission of toxic fumes and multidimensional poverty index (MPI). In contrast, the Ecuadorian quality of life (EQOL) and the global efficiency of the energetic system will improve. This paper was developed to determine the correct material which can efficiently interact with magnetic fields at low cost. Multi decision making methods (MCDM) are analytical tools employed to judge the right alternative of a set of possibilities. According to the number of alternatives and criteria of this problem, MCDM appears as an evaluation approach that can ease the selection of materials for induction cookware. The MCMD methods implemented are AHP, EXPROM2, COPRAS-G, TOPSIS and VIKOR, all of them have been compared to validate the best alternative. The analysis process consists on collecting information about the properties of the material and his weight respect to the others to generate a normalized matrix that relate the dependency among criteria. The results prove that the steel A677 is the best material, of a set of 8 alternatives with 8 analysis criteria, to be applied as induction cookware. ; El Ecuador está fomentando nuevos proyectos enfocados en la reducción de consumo de combustibles fósiles. Con este propósito en mente, el gobierno lleva a cabo un plan para reemplazar cocinas dependientes del gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) por cocinas de inducción. Esto contribuirá en la disminución del consumo del GLP, emisiones tóxicas. En contraste, la calidad de vida en el Ecuador y la eficiencia energética en la edificación mejorará. Este documento hay sido elaborado para determinar el material adecuado capaz de interactuar con campos magnéticos. Los métodos multi-criterio de selección (MCDM) son herramientas analíticas que sirven para juzgar la mejor alternativa de un conjunto de posibilidades. Dependiendo del número de alternativas y el número de criterios de selección, los MCDM aparecen como herramientas de evaluación que permitirán seleccionar al material correcto para el diseño del menaje para cocinas de inducción. En el desarrollo de este proyecto se empleó las aproximaciones EXPROM2, COPRAS-G,TOPSIS y VIKOR. Los resultados obtenidos de cada método serán valorados y validados. El estudio consiste en recolectar información referente a las propiedades de cada material y su respectiva importancia en el diseño del menaje de cocinas de inducción y establecer una matriz normalizada que relaciona la magnitud de cada propiedad. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan al acero A677 como la mejor alternativa de un conjunto de 8 opciones con 8 diferentes criterios de selección.