Suchergebnisse

T Political discourse usually tends to diffuse itself in other discursive fields. One of the areasthrough which the political field can be reproduced is the field of popular culture, especially films.Moreover, language serves as the intermediate variable in which political discourses in the media offerthemselves more or less ideologically. In this paper, the language of the film American Sniper and itsrelation to the exceptionalism discourse in the politics of the United States is reviewed. It addresses themajor question of how the discourse of American Sniper is related to the three layers of exceptionalismdiscourse. The analysis of the three discursive levels of description, interpretation and explanation ofthe film based on Fairclough's model reveals that, by following Hollywood's dominant framework ofdiscourse towards Islam and the Middle East, i.e., the 'Islamophobia' discourse, the film depicts Islam as'Other'. The discourse of the film ultimately resides in a wider social action that is congruous with theconcept of the political language of exceptionalism. ; Politički diskurs obično se širi kroz druga diskurzivna područja. Jedno od područja kroz kojese politika može reproducirati jest područje popularne kulture, posebno filma. Štoviše, jezik služi kaoposredujuća varijabla kroz koju se politički diskursi predstavljaju u medijima, više ili manje ideološki.Ovaj rad analizira jezik filma Američki snajper i njegov odnos s diskursom izuzetnosti u politici SAD-a.Ključno pitanje koje rad postavlja jest kako je diskurs Američkog snajpera povezan s tri razine diskursaizuzetnosti. Analiza tri diskurzivne razine filma – deskripcije, interpretacije i objašnjenja – koje se temeljena Faircloughovu modelu, otkriva da film prati dominantni holivudski diskurs uokvirivanja islama i Srednjeg istoka, tzv. diskurs 'islamofobije' te prikazuje islam kao "drugog". Diskurs filma dio je šire društveneakcije koja je podudarna s konceptom političkog jezika izuzetnosti.

Political discourse usually tends to diffuse itself in other discursive fields. One of the areas through which the political field can be reproduced is the field of popular culture, especially films. Moreover, language serves as the intermediate variable in which political discourses in the media offer themselves more or less ideologically. In this paper, the language of the film American Sniper and its relation to the exceptionalism discourse in the politics of the United States is reviewed. It addresses the major question of how the discourse of American Sniper is related to the three layers of exceptionalism discourse. The analysis of the three discursive levels of description, interpretation and explanation of the film based on Fairclough's model reveals that, by following Hollywood's dominant framework of discourse towards Islam and the Middle East, i.e., the 'Islamophobia' discourse, the film depicts Islam as 'Other'. The discourse of the film ultimately resides in a wider social action that is congruous with the concept of the political language of exceptionalism. ; Politički diskurs obično se širi kroz druga diskurzivna područja. Jedno od područja kroz koje se politika može reproducirati jest područje popularne kulture, posebno filma. Štoviše, jezik služi kao posredujuća varijabla kroz koju se politički diskursi predstavljaju u medijima, više ili manje ideološki. Ovaj rad analizira jezik filma Američki snajper i njegov odnos s diskursom izuzetnosti u politici SAD-a. Ključno pitanje koje rad postavlja jest kako je diskurs Američkog snajpera povezan s tri razine diskursa izuzetnosti. Analiza tri diskurzivne razine filma – deskripcije, interpretacije i objašnjenja – koje se temelje na Faircloughovu modelu, otkriva da film prati dominantni holivudski diskurs uokvirivanja islama i Srednjeg istoka, tzv. diskurs 'islamofobije' te prikazuje islam kao "drugog". Diskurs filma dio je šire društvene akcije koja je podudarna s konceptom političkog jezika izuzetnosti.

Abstract


The default-mode network (DMN) in humans consists of a set of brain regions that, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), show both intrinsic correlations with each other and suppression during externally oriented tasks. Resting-state fMRI studies have previously identified similar patterns of intrinsic correlations in overlapping brain regions in rodents (A29C/posterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe structures). However, due to challenges with performing rodent behavior in an MRI machine, it is still unclear whether activity in rodent DMN regions are suppressed during externally oriented visual tasks. Using distributed local field potential measurements in rats, we have discovered that activity in DMN brain regions noted above show task-related suppression during an externally oriented visual task at alpha and low beta-frequencies. Interestingly, this suppression (particularly in posterior cingulate cortex) was linked with improved performance on the task. Using electroencephalography recordings from a similar task in humans, we identified a similar suppression of activity in posterior cingulate cortex at alpha/low beta-frequencies. Thus, we have identified a common electrophysiological marker of DMN suppression in both rodents and humans. This observation paves the way for future studies using rodents to probe circuit-level functioning of DMN function.


Significance
Here we show that alpha/beta frequency oscillations in rats show key features of DMN activity, including intrinsic correlations between DMN brain regions, task-related suppression, and interference with attention/decision-making. We found similar task-related suppression at alpha/low beta-frequencies of DMN activity in humans.