Suchergebnisse

THE ROLE OF JUSTICE AS PRESENTLY CONCEIVED-TO CREATE A MORAL FOUNDATION UPON WHICH TO PRESS FOR A PROCESS OF REFORM-IS GENERALLY ANTAGONISTIC TO EXPECTATIONS OF STABILITY FOR THE RICH. MANY NATIONS WHICH ESPOUSE POLICIES OF JUSTICE ON AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ARE NOT PREPARED TO CARRY OUT SUCH POLICIES DOMESTICALLY; THEIR POLICIES ARE DOMINATED BY THE INTERESTS OF THE ELITE.

THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES WAYS IN WHICH THE IDEAL OF HUMANE GOVERNANCE ON A GLOBAL SCALE CAN BE REALIZED. IT INTRODUCES SEVERAL NORMATIVE IDEAS THAT ARE CRUCIAL TO THE PROJECT. THESE INCLUDE: RENUNCIATION OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; HUMAN RIGHTS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; THE RULE OF LAW; AND GLOBAL DEMOCRACY. SUCH NORMATIVE IDEAS CAN HELP GIVE POLITICAL STRUCTURE TO THE YEARNINGS OF MOST OF HUMANITY.

Seeks to identify the linkages between traditional conceptions of citizenship based on affiliation with a territorial state & the rise of global market forces. It is argued that the erosion of state autonomy & the emergence of arenas of decision & power beyond the control of the state have been weakening traditional bonds of identity between individuals & the state. This pattern is particularly pronounced in the liberal democratic states of the West, which were the main settings in which citizenship in its modern forms emerged. Considered are the prospects for new forms of political identity that are reshaping the meaning of citizenship, creating multiple loyalties, & superseding the monolithic conception of citizenship associated with a Westphalian system of world public order. It is, as yet, too soon to depict the contours of post-Westphalian citizenship, but its essence will be shaped by an allegiance to shared values & to the experience of community, a dynamic that will increasingly diminish the reductive association of the citizen exclusively with a particular sovereign state. Adapted from the source document.

THE REGIONAL-GLOBAL INTERFACE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC IS RAPIDLY CHANGING. THE INCREASING RELEVANCE OF A LARGE-SCALE CONFRONTATION WITH CHINA IS EMERGING AND U.S. SECURITY SPECIALISTS ARE CONCERNED ABOUT THE PROSPECT OF HEIGHTENED CONFLICT IN THE REGION. MOST FUNDAMENTALLY THE ISSUE IS: WHAT WILL BE THE FUTURE OF GEOPOLITICAL HEGEMONY IN THE NEXT CENTURY? ALTHOUGH IT IS NOT CLEAR WHICH COUNTRY WILL BECOME THE NEXT CENTURY'S SUPERPOWER, IT NOW SEEMS EVIDENT THAT ONLY A ROBUST TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNITY OF INFORMED ACTIVISTS CAN HOPE TO ESTABLISH A POLITICAL CLIMATE THAT OFFERS THE HOPE OF MITIGATING THE NEGATIVE FEATURES OF GLOBALIZATION. IN ADDITION, ACTIVISM IS NECESSARY IF A DEMILITARIZED SYSTEM OF REGIONAL SECURITY THAT RESTS UPON SUBSTANTIVE DEMOCRACY IS TO BE ACHIEVED.

Suggests that the pursuit of social integration is likely to remain a matter for national and sub-national settings, but the international community can help establish a supportive atmosphere. The moves in the last few years to reassess the impacts of globalisation create space for new ideas and proposals, making a serious pursuit of the goals of the Social Summit a much more credible venture than at the time of their utterance in 1995. (Original abstract - amended)

THE DEFINING POLITICAL CHALLENGE OF THIS ERA IS TO WORK TOWARDS A WORLD ORDER THAT WOULD PROMOTE AND SUSTAIN CONTINUOUS PROJECTS OF DEMOCRATIZATION, WHILE CONSIGNING THE DREADFUL ORDEALS OF COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE AND GENOCIDAL CRUELTY TO THE ANNALS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON THE TASK TO ESTABLISH A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR GLOBAL MARKET FORCES THAT IS PEOPLE-CENTERED RATHER THAN CAPITAL-DRIVEN. IT ARGUES THAT IT IS CRUCIAL TO GIVE HIGHEST PRIORITY TO THE STRUGGLE TO REORIENT THE OUTLOOK OF THE STATES, ESTABLISHING A PEOPLE-DRIVEN POLITICS CAPABLE OF REGULATING THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE ON BEHALF OF HUMAN INTERESTS AND PLANETARY BENEFIT.

THERE SEEMS TO BE A RELUCTANCE ON THE PART OF PROGRESSIVES TO DISCUSS ISSUES OF FEASIBILITY, AND YET, IF INTERVENTION IS UNDERTAKEN WITHOUT REASONABLE ASSURANCE ABOUT THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE MEANS, THE OUTCOME WILL BE REGISTERED AS A DEFEAT, AND THERE IS EVERY LIKELIHOOD THAT THE EXTENT OF BLOODSHED AND DEVASTATION WILL BE INCREASED. GOOD INTENTIONS, EVEN IF CERTIFIED, WILL NOT REDEEM AN INTERVENTIONARY UNDERTAKING THAT IS UNABLE TO ACHIEVE ITS POLITICAL GOALS. HERE, THE INTERVENTIONARY RECORD OF THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES IS CHASTENING, AS EVEN AMBITIOUS UNDERTAKINGS THAT RISK THE PRESTIGE OF THE MOST MIGHTY STATES HAVE RARELY SUCCEEDED AGAINST A MOBILIZED ADVERSARY. DESPITE NUMEROUS INTERVENTIONS OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS ONLY THE U.S. INTERVENTIONS IN GRENADA COULD BE REGARDED AS "A SUCCESS," UNDERSCORING THE NEED FOR A MASSIVE RATIO OF CAPABILITIES FAVORING THE INTERVENING SIDE, AND THE ABSENCE OF ORGANIZED RESISTANCE IN THE TARGET SOCIETY.