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Criminal justice involvement, transition to fatherhood, and the demographic foundation of the intergenerational transmission of crime
In: Acta sociologica: journal of the Scandinavian Sociological Association, Volume 67, Issue 2, p. 164-182
ISSN: 1502-3869
Most analyses of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts compare outcomes of the second generation to the criminal history of the first generation. Ignoring the demographic process underlying transmission introduces selection bias into estimates insofar as the first generation's criminal history affects the family formation and the probability of parenthood. I study how differential selection into fatherhood across criminal histories may affect prospective transmission of criminal justice convictions. I use administrative data on the complete fertility patterns and criminal justice history all Danish men born during 1965–1973 and retrospective odds-ratio estimates of intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts to estimate prospective transmission of crime and the impact of differential fertility on cohort criminal justice involvement. Seriousness of criminal justice involvement is associated with earlier transition to fatherhood but ultimately higher levels of childlessness. The findings suggest that the existing retrospective estimates of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contacts overestimate the population level dynastic transmission. Ignoring differential fertility across criminal justice history leads to upward-biased estimates of how criminal justice involvement is maintained across generations when using retrospective sources. Population-level description of fertility trends has substantial implication for theoretical understanding of how transmission of offending occurs at the population level.
Institutional Persistence: Involvements with Child Protective Services, the Criminal Justice System and Mental Health Services across Childhood, Adolescence and Early Adulthood in Denmark
In: The British journal of social work, Volume 51, Issue 6, p. 2228-2246
ISSN: 1468-263X
Abstract
The pairwise overlaps in system involvement between child protective services (CPS), mental health services and the criminal justice system are well-documented. Yet, less is known about how contact to these three systems evolves as children age, and how children's trajectories through these institutions should be conceptualised. In this article, we use administrative data on the full population of Danish children born 1982–1995 that had contact to at least one of the three systems before turning twenty-one. Theoretically, we argue that children's trajectories of institutional contacts can be understood as a moral career as suggested by Goffman. Empirically, we study how children move between and are retained within the three systems across childhood. We find that early contact originates with CPS but branch out through both overlap and transitions to the other systems. Further, across age, there are high levels of retention within the systems, and clear gendered dynamics play out as children age. We argue that children's trajectories across age can be viewed as moving from a position as a subject at risk to a position as subject of risk.
Downward spiral: The impact of out-of-home placement on paternal welfare dependency
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Volume 66, p. 45-55
ISSN: 0190-7409
Identifying divergent foster care careers for Danish children
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Volume 38, Issue 11, p. 1860-1871
ISSN: 1873-7757
The effect of lowering welfare payment ceilings on children's risk of out-of-home placement
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Volume 72, p. 82-90
ISSN: 0190-7409
The impact of incentives and interview methods on response quantity and quality in diary- and booklet-based surveys
In: Survey research methods: SRM, Volume 4, Issue 2, p. 91-101
ISSN: 1864-3361
"This paper investigates the impact on response quantity and quality of a diary- and booklet-based survey of using different interview methods and lottery prizes. In addition to a conventional questionnaire the survey included time-diaries for household members and a expenditure booklet for recording the previous month's spending by the household. The respondents could choose to use either CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing) or web-based CAPI (Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing) for the different parts of the survey. Lottery prizes varied during the survey period, and the prizes were doubled if they had used only the CAPI method. The response rate was significantly affected by the size of the lottery prizes, and the doubling of these prizes for using the web had a high impact on the number of respondents choosing this method. The implication was that also the response quality increased as a result of the impact on the number of web interviews, because this method was found to yield a significantly higher quality for the diary, booklet and questionnaire information." (author's abstract)
Explaining the Consequences of Imprisonment for Union Formation and Dissolution in Denmark
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 36, Issue 1, p. 154-177
ISSN: 0276-8739
Explaining the Consequences of Imprisonment for Union Formation and Dissolution in Denmark
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 36, Issue 1, p. 154-177
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractCrime and subsequent imprisonment reduces men's chances on the marriage market and increases their divorce risk, but existing research, with a few notable exceptions, is silent about the underlying mechanisms driving these effects. This article studies the effect of home confinement under electronic monitoring as a noncustodial alternative to imprisonment on the risk of relationship dissolution and being single, thereby distinguishing between effects of incarceration and of committing crime. We study a policy that expanded the use of electronic monitoring to address nonrandom selection into electronic monitoring instead of in prison. Results from a sample of 4,522 men show that home confinement under electronic monitoring significantly and persistently lowers the risk both of being single and of becoming single during the first five years following conviction. The results show that one of the tools that could promote decarceration trends also secures better relationship outcomes of convicted men.
Family matters? The effect of kinship care on foster care disruption rates
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Volume 48, p. 68-79
ISSN: 1873-7757
A question of class: On the heterogeneous relationship between background characteristics and a child's placement risk
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Volume 32, Issue 6, p. 783-789
ISSN: 0190-7409
Income developments in the great recession: status for the Danish prime-age working population a decade following the onset of the Financial Crisis
In: Journal of economic inequality, Volume 22, Issue 2, p. 237-264
ISSN: 1573-8701
AbstractTo assess the impact of the Financial Crisis and the Great Recession in Denmark this paper studies developments in Danish labor market income and disposable income from 1995 through 2019. We focus on the prime age working population of 25–54-year-old Danish citizens, with emphasis on labor market performance of the younger and less educated members of this labor force. The recession had a large and long-lasting impact on labor market earnings. Young individuals and, especially, those with least education suffered the largest setbacks to earnings developments. Disposable income was not affected in a similar way. Welfare state transfers and lower taxes softened the impact on disposable income, while the unprecedentedly low lending-rates and tax reform also elevated consumption possibilities. Tracking economic activity of the youngest cohorts after the onset of the Financial Crisis we find that catching up to earnings levels of previous cohorts took on average 8 years. For young men the setback to earnings was larger and catching-up slower. A decade following the onset of the Financial Crisis around 20% of young men, pertaining to the bottom of the earnings distribution, had still not caught up to the earnings of previous cohorts.
Introducing a new data resource for comparative child welfare research: The ROCKWOOL-Duke global child welfare database
In: Children and youth services review: an international multidisciplinary review of the welfare of young people, Volume 152, p. 107075
ISSN: 0190-7409
The effect of workfare policy on crime
In this paper, we focus on a novel and potentially important aspect of the workfare policy in the Danish labor market, namely its effect on crime. We do this by exploiting two policy changes. First, we examine the effect of a series of national welfare reforms introduced during the 1990s. Those reforms strengthened the work requirement for the young welfare recipients and were introduced gradually, starting with younger welfare participants first. We exploit the differential introduction of workfare reform across different age groups as the exogenous variation. Second, we use a unique policy experiment that began in 1987 by an innovative mayor of the Danish city of Farum, where he imposed a 100 % work or training requirement for all welfare recipients immediately from the date of enrollment. By comparing the changes in crime rates among the welfare recipients in Farum before and after 1987 with that of the rest of Denmark, we identify the effect of workfare on the crime rate.
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The Effect of Workfare on Crime: Incapacitation and Program Effects
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 8716
SSRN
Working paper