Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is scrutinize the Brazilian participation in the Gatt tariff negotiations of the Tokyo Round (1973-1979). It will be argued that there was a transition in the diplomat's beliefs about the potential benefits that Brazil could obtain in the multilateral trade negotiations. Nonetheless, this movement was not generalized within the state apparatus. Therefore, other governmental institutions precluded the implementation of Itamaraty's new strategy. References. Adapted from the source document.

The article uses the scientific philosopher Karl Popper's metaphor regarding the weather & clocks to explicate the nature of Brazil's foreign relations in a world in transition. The weather can be seen to represent the contingencies of life, while clocks can be seen to represent what is knowable & reliable. Brazil's foreign relations have shifted according to contingencies, even as the great international organizations have attempted to operate with the logic & predictability of clockwork. From this perspective, the article focuses on several key texts that help to illuminate the circumstances of Brazil's foreign policy throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, & twenty-first centuries. The article concludes that the tremendous transformations that have occurred in foreign policy, over that long period of time, show that the situation has more in common with the vagaries of the weather than with the certitude of clocks. References. R. Young

Analyzing strategic orientations of the last four pluriannual plans -- 1996-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007 & 2008-2011, the article reveals how foreign policy has been incorporated to federal planning & the role given to the foreign sector in the development strategies undertaken by Cardoso & Lula governments. It demonstrates coherence between the foreign policy planned & that effectively undertaken, explaining the differences between their strategies & the lines of foreign policy prioritized. Adapted from the source document.