Suchergebnisse

1 -- Introduction to landscape ecology -- 2. Theories and models incorporated in the landscape ecology framework -- 3 Scaling patterns and processes across landscapes -- 4 Emerging processes in the landscape -- 5 Emerging patterns in the landscape -- 6 Principles of landscape dynamics -- 7 Principles for landscape conservation, management and design -- 8 Principles of soundscape ecology. - 9 Landscape economics and ecosystem services -- 10 Social dimension of the landscape -- 11 Sustainable landscapes -- 12 Climate changes across landscapes -- 13 Methods in landscape ecology. - 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Metrics in landscape ecology -- 13.3 The fractal geometry approach -- 13.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -- 13.5 Remote sensing in landscape ecology -- 13.6 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) -- 13.7 Spatially Explicit Population Models (SEPM) to describe population patterns in a landscape.

This third, thoroughly updated edition of a well received book, presents the most complete collection of theories, paradigms and methods utilized by the landscape sciences. With the introduction of new ecosemiotic concepts and innovative managing procedures, it offers a broad list of ecological, ecosemiotical and cultural tools to investigate, interpret and manage the environmental complexity according to a species-specific individual-based approach. Readers will discover the importance of a landscape perspective to create strategic bridges between science and humanities favored by the holistic sight of sensorial (visual, acoustic, olfactory, tactile, and thermal) "scapes". Distributed in 10 chapters, the content covers many aspects of the landscape sciences ranging from the description of fundamental theories, principles and models originated by ecological approaches like source-sink models, island biogeography, hierarchical theory and scale. The ecosemiotical approaches like the eco-field model, the ecoscape paradigm, and the general theory of resources are widely described and discussed. A cultural approach to landscape is utilized to focus on the heritage values of territories and their environmental identity. This book, written in an accessible and didactic style, is particularly dedicated to undergraduate and graduate students but also scholars in ecology, agroforestry, urban planning, nature design, conservation and remediation. Land practitioners, farmers and policymakers can use this book as an authoritative guide to better understand the function and role of environmental systems according to a social-economic integrated perspective.

Soundscape Ecology represents a new branch of ecology and it is the result of the integration of different disciplines like Landscape ecology, Bioacoustics, Acoustic ecology, Biosemiotics, etc. The soundscape that is the object of this discipline, is defined as the acoustic context resulting from natural and human originated sounds and it is considered a relevant environmental proxy for animal and human life.With Soundscape Ecology Almo Farina means to offer a new cultural tool to investigate a partially explored component of the environmental complexity. For this he intends to set the principles of this new discipline, to delineate the epistemic domain in which to develop new ideas and theories and to describe the necessary integration with all the other ecological/environmental disciplines.The book is organized in ten chapters. The first two chapters delineate principles and theory of soundscape ecology. Chapters three and four describe the bioacoustic and communication theories. Chapter five is devoted to the human dimension of soundscape. Chapters six to eight regard the major sonic patterns like noise, choruses and vibrations. Chapter nine is devoted to the methods in soundscape ecology and finally chapter ten describes the application of the soundscape analysis.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Ecoacoustics -- 1.1 Ecoacoustics: The Definition of a New Scientific Discipline -- 1.2 Short History of Ecoacoustics -- 1.3 Sound Definition and Categories -- 1.3.1 Originator Agents -- 1.3.2 Semiosis -- 1.4 Theoretical Principles in Ecoacoustics -- 1.4.1 The Morphological Adaptation Hypothesis (MAH) -- 1.4.2 The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH) -- 1.4.3 The Acoustic Niche Hypothesis (ANH) -- 1.4.4 The Acoustic Habitat Hypothesis (AHH) -- 1.4.5 Acoustic Community Hypothesis (ACH) -- 1.5 Developing a Sonic Domain Narrative -- 1.5.1 Sonoscapes and Soundscapes -- 1.5.2 Sonotopes -- 1.5.3 Soundtopes -- 1.5.4 Sonotones and Soundtones -- 1.5.5 Sonic and Acoustic Signature -- 1.5.6 The Ecoacoustic Events -- 1.5.7 Sonic Matrix -- 1.6 Sounds Interpreted as Noise -- 1.7 Sonic Information Systems -- References -- Chapter 2: The Acoustic Complexity Indices (ACIs) -- 2.1 A Short History of ACI -- 2.2 Mathematical Equations -- 2.3 Avoiding the Edge Effect -- 2.4 Sonic Signatures -- 2.5 Clumping -- 2.6 ACItf Evenness and ACIft Evenness -- 2.7 Energy Filter -- 2.8 Assessing the Range from a Sonic Matrix: Far and Near Field -- 2.9 Coding Soundscape Information -- 2.10 From Ecoacoustic Codes to Ecoacoustics Events (EE) -- 2.11 Scaling a Sonic Matrix to Obtain Ecoacoustic Codes EC -- 2.12 Ecoacoustic Code Diversity -- 2.13 Sonic Signature Dissimilarity (SSD) -- 2.14 The Fractal Dimension of the Ecoacoustic Codes (DEC) and of Sonic Signature Dissimilarity (DSSD) -- References -- Chapter 3: Introduction to the SonoScape, an Open-Source Software Application in MATLAB® -- 3.1 About the SonoScape Open-Source Software Project -- 3.2 Competencies -- 3.3 Installation of the SonoScape Software Application -- 3.3.1 System Requirements -- 3.3.2 Standalone Installation of the SonoScape.

Ecoacoustics: A New Science / Almo Farina, Stuart H Gage -- The Duality of Sounds: Ambient and Communication / Almo Farina, Stuart H Gage -- The Role of Sound in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Three Case Examples from Michigan, USA / Stuart H Gage, Almo Farina -- The Role of Sound in the Aquatic Environment / Francesco Filiciotto, Giuseppa Buscaino -- The Acoustic Chorus and its Ecological Significance / Almo Farina, Maria Ceraulo -- The Ecological Effects of Noise on Species and Communities / Almo Farina -- Biodiversity Assessment in Temperate Biomes using Ecoacoustics / Almo Farina, Nadia Pieretti -- Biodiversity Assessment in Tropical Biomes using Ecoacoustics: Linking Soundscape to Forest Structure in a Human-dominated Tropical Dry Forest in Southern Madagascar / Lyndsay Rankin, Anne C Axel -- Biodiversity Assessment and Environmental Monitoring in Freshwater and Marine Biomes using Ecoacoustics / Denise Risch, Susan E Parks -- Integrating Biophony into Biodiversity Measurement and Assessment / Brian Michael Napoletano -- Landscape Patterns and Soundscape Processes / Almo Farina, Susan Fuller -- Connecting Soundscapes to Landscapes: Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Sound / Timothy C Mullet -- Soil Acoustics / Marisol A Quintanilla-Tornel -- Fundamentals of Soundscape Conservation / Gianni Pavan -- Urban Acoustics: Heartbeat of Lansing, Michigan, USA / Stuart H Gage, Wooyeong Joo -- Analytical Methods in Ecoacoustics / Stuart H Gage, Michael Towsey, Eric P Kasten -- Ecoacoustics and its Expression through the Voice of the Arts: An Essay / David Monacchi, Bernie Krause -- Ecoacoustics Challenges / Stuart H Gage, Almo Farina