The Government has used a sugar import tariff policy to protect the domestic sugar producers from sugar import competition. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of sugar import tariff policy on producers', consumers', government and economic welfare. The policy of increasing sugar import tariff will lead to decreasing consumers' welfare; on the contrary, producers' welfare and government revenue will increase. Meanwhile, this policy will reduce economic welfare.
Chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage are five main vegetables that have high rates of production, but they also have high levels of price fluctuation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of price risk and analyze alternative strategies needed to reduce the price risk of chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage. The method of analysis that used in this research is ARCH/GARCH model, Value at Risk (VaR), and coefficient variation. The results showed that the price of chilies, tomatoes, and potatoes were influenced by price volatility and variants in previous periods. The price volatility and variants of shallots and cabbages were influenced by the prices of one and two previous periods. The calculation of VaR, which was based on the total capital in a one-day sale period showed that price risk of chilies, potatoes, shallots, and cabbage were at 4.077 persen, 3.078 persen, 5.240 persen, 6.879 persen, dan 3.980 persen. Based on coefficient variation showed that tomatoes had the highest price risk was at 0.428 while potatoes was found to have the lowest price risk was at 0.080. Shallot had the second highest price risk was at 0.195. Cabbage and chilies had the third and the forth highest price risk were at 0.209 and 0.349. Alternative strategy to solve the price risk of vegetables need to be applied by traders, farmers, and government.
Demand for garlic in Indonesia tends to increase, but only a little (< 5 percent) of it was met by national production. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian garlic and identify its determinants. Data used on garlic farming was obtained from the Agricultural Census 2013-Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), consisting of 121 sample farmers in West Nusa Tenggara province and 98 farmers in Central Java province. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method was used to measure comparative and competitive advantages which were grouped according to the technical efficiency of production. Efficiency is estimated by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results showed that garlic has a comparative and competitive advantage in only 55 percent of the total sample. The comparative and competitive advantages of garlic were significantly determined by the technical efficiency of production. Further analysis showed that the competitiveness of Indonesian garlic was sensitive to changes in productivity and output prices. Productivity is the most decisive factor in the competitiveness of Indonesian garlic. Government policies related to input prices and output prices caused farmers to pay lower input prices and accepted output prices higher than their social prices. From this study can be concluded that in general Indonesian garlic was not competitive being produced domestically. Garlic can be produced domestically as an import substitution if it is produced with high productivity and efficiency. It is recommended to improve the technical efficiency of production by utilizing the potential land and technology production optimally. ; Permintaan bawang putih di Indonesia cenderung meningkat, tetapi kurang dari lima persen dari permintaan tersebut dipenuhi oleh produksi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing bawang putih Indonesia dan mengidentifikasi faktor penentunya. Data yang digunakan adalah data usahatani bawang putih yang diperoleh dari Sensus Pertanian 2013-Badan Pusat ...
Agricultural sector technically has quite high risk of uncertainty, including crop failure level which is caused by climate change, pest attack and disease, flood, dryness, as well as price uncertainty which is at the end harm the farmer. In order to decrease the risk that faced by farmers especially rice farmer, government run Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) program. This research aimed to analyze the farmer's attitude and satisfaction to AUTP attributes in Karawang West Java. Analysis tools that used in this research are Multiatribut Fishbein analysis to observe farmer's attitude and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) analysis to detect farmer's satisfaction level to AUTP attribute. The result of this research, found that the most important attributes according to farmer based on the importance level are Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan (PPL), the number of the claim, direct socialization, farmer group leader and easy access to information. Farmer's satisfaction level to AUTP attributes overall is quite satisfy. Therefore the performance of AUTP attributes level need to be increased, so that the farmer's attitude and satisfaction to AUTP increase. Farmers that have positive attitude and satisfaction tend to follow the program continously and will recommend it to other farmer.
Shallot is a horticultural commodity which has high economic and strategic values. Unbalanced supply and demand of shallot each province in Indonesia cause trade flows from surplus areas to deficit areas and indicate there is a market integration. This research aimed to analyze spatial market integration of shallot at the producer level in Indonesia. Methods of this research used included Johansen Co-integration, Granger Causality, and Error Correction Model. Results of this research exhibit that there is no complete spatial market integration among shallot producer markets. There are approximately 40 co-integrated pairs of producer markets (44.944%), and the rest of 49 (55.056%) pairs of producer markets are not co-integrated. Based on the causality test, the producer markets such as Central Java, East Java, and West Nusa Tenggara are price-leading markets. Approximately 74 pairs (83,146%) of producer markets are integrated into the short run. Government policy that can be implemented to control price fluctuations at producer level is fairly floor price policy specifically made for three price-leading markets. To improve spatial market integration of shallot in Indonesia, the government needs to make policies such as upgrading quality of physical infrastructure (length of paved roads) and educating human capital (producers) to access market information technology.Keywords: producer market, shallot, spatial market integration, Johansen Co-integration, Granger Causality
Shallot is one of commodities having high value, so that many farmers are cultivating it but Indonesia still remains as net importer of shallot. The objective of this study is to analyze the communication of government policies towards competitiveness on shallot commodity in the district of Majalengka. The data have been analyzed by the method of the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to determine the level of profit and competitiveness, as well as the impact of the policy. A total of 37 farmers were selected as respondents by using purposive sampling technique. The result showed that shallot farming in the district of Majalengka was financially profitable but economically unprofitable. The analysis of the competitiveness showed the shallot farming in the district of Majalengka had no competitiveness. The government policy provides protection against the price of shallot. Meanwhile, the government policy towards the input is still a disincentive to farmers. Shallot farmers have to pay more expensive input than they should be. But simultaneously, the government policy on input and output is still supportive for shallot production in the country. Dialogical communication process with the bottom up approach can encourage the successful of implementation of policies to improve the competitiveness of shallot in the district of Majalengka.
Education is an important investment to improve regional competitiveness in the future. One indicator of the successful development in education is the education index. The objectives of this study were (a) to identify the factors that influence the education index in the East Java province, (b) to formulate a strategy that can increase the index education in the East Java province. The data used in this study are secondary and primary types. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis of the panel data and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. The results showed that factors that significantly affected the education index in East Java positively were these variables: the allocated local government spending in education, income per capita, junior high school enrollment rate, senior high school enrollment rate, and the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools. The first priority of strategy based on AHP to increase the education index of East Java is equal distribution in the quantity of educators. ABSTRAKPendidikan adalah investasi penting untuk meningkatkan daya saing daerah di masa yang akan datang. Salah satu indikator keberhasilan pada sektor pendidikan adalah indeks pendidikan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah (a) mengidentifikasi factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi indeks pendidikan di Provinsi Jawa Timur, (b) memformulasikan strategi untuk meningkatkan indeks pendidikan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah data sekunder dan data primer. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda data panel dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang secara signifikan dan positif mempengaruhi indeks pendidikan di Jawa Timur adalah: alokasi belanja pemerintah daerah bidang pendidikan, pendapatan per kapita, Angka Partisipasi Sekolah tingkat SMP, Angka Partisipasi Sekolah tingkat SMA, dan rasio murid-guru tingkat SD. Prioritas strategi pertama untuk meningkatkan indeks pendidikan di Jawa Timur berdasarkan analisis AHP yaitu pemerataan kuantitas tenaga pendidik.
Credit is an alternative capital source to support farmers in increasing production. Credit has realized by the government to farmers, in its implementation was not always used to increase production. Research shows that credit has not been used optimally for businesses financed by credit. This study aims to analyze the utilization of Food and Energy Security Credit (KKPE) and its effect on broiler production. The study was conducted in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, which is known as the broiler production center. Data were collected through structured questionnaires for 85 farmers. Data were analyzed using tabulations to perform the utilized of credit to broilers. The effect of credit on broiler production was counted by calculating the alleged production using multiple linear regression broiler production functions. The results showed that the average amount of credit received by farmers amounting to Rp. 57.116.000 was not fully utilized for broilers. The average utilization for broilers is only 94,49 percent which is used to purchase broiler chicken production inputs such as chicken seedlings (DOC), feed, vitamins, drugs, vaccines, and labor wages and invest in business equipment such as animal fodder, washing machine cages and repairing cages. This research concludes credit can increase the production of broilers by 47,52 percent. ; Food and energy security loan (KKPE) as the credit to support farmers to buy the input required to increase their agricultural produce. However, research showed that credit received by the farmers was not used to increase production optimally. The purpose of the study is to analyze the utilization of food and energy security loan (KKPE) and the effect on broiler production. The study was conducted in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, as the broiler production centre. The data were collected through an interview with 85 farmers using questionnaires. Credit utilization was analyzed using tabulations. The analysis of the effect of credit on broiler production was analyzed by using the broiler production function. The results showed the (DOC), feed, vitamin, drugs, vaccines, and labour costs and invest in business equipment such as animal fodder, washing machine and repair. This research concludes that credit increases the production of broilers by 47,52 per cent.
The main source of farmer households in West Halmahera is coconut plantations. Coconut fruit is produced, some are sold in the form of whole fruit, some are processed into copra. For this agro-industry development effort to work effectively, it is necessary to determine the type of coconut agroindustry that will be developed by considering the factors that increase, the efforts of the businesses involved and the objectives of each of the agro-industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the priorities of coconut agro-industry that had to be developed in West Halmahera Region. The data were analyzed using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) approach and internal-external factor. The results showed that the virgin coconut oil (VCO) agro-industry had the highest priority in the development of coconut agro-industry in West Halmahera. By the development of this agro-industry, business actors will gain added value, affect the increase in income, and will open new jobs in the rural area. The important factors that have influenced the development of agro-industry were human resources (HR) and asset. Furthermore, each actor involved has a firm role and linkage to each of the determinants of agro-industry business development. Farmers have the main role (37%) on the availability of raw materials, farmer groups have strong correlation (42%) to human resources, the government plays an important role (42%) in infrastructure development, and academics have an enormous contribution (34%) in providing technology for the development of agro-industry. Overall, the most important actors in the development of coconut agro-industry in West Halmahera are farmer groups. The Strategy applied to agro-industry virgin coconut oil (VCO) at West Halmahera Region is intensive: market penetration, market development and product development. ; The main source of farmer households in West Halmahera is coconut plantations. Coconut fruit is produced, some are sold in the form of whole fruit, some are processed into copra. For this agro-industry development effort to work effectively, it is necessary to determine the type of coconut agroindustry that will be developed by considering the factors that increase, the efforts of the businesses involved and the objectives of each of the agro-industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the priorities of coconut agro-industry that had to be developed in West Halmahera Region. The data were analyzed using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) approach and internal-external factor. The results showed that the virgin coconut oil (VCO) agro-industry had the highest priority in the development of coconut agro-industry in West Halmahera. By the development of this agro-industry, business actors will gain added value, affect the increase in income, and will open new jobs in the rural area. The important factors that have influenced the development of agro-industry were human resources (HR) and asset. Furthermore, each actor involved has a firm role and linkage to each of the determinants of agro-industry business development. Farmers have the main role (37%) on the availability of raw materials, farmer groups have strong correlation (42%) to human resources, the government plays an important role (42%) in infrastructure development, and academics have an enormous contribution (34%) in providing technology for the development of agro-industry. Overall, the most important actors in the development of coconut agro-industry in West Halmahera are farmer groups. The Strategy applied to agro-industry virgin coconut oil (VCO) at West Halmahera Region is intensive: market penetration, market development and product development.
ABSTRACTFraud phenomenon involves many actors from the government sector. Fraudulent practices in government has a negative impact on the economic and social sectors. Therefore, need for prevention effort to avoid state's material and non material losses. The objectives of this study were to formulate fraud prevention strategies by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Sources of data used in this study were questionnaires and interviews to 5 expert respondent. Strategies for fraud prevention on government financial management: (1) improving the supervision and control system, (2) improving the organizational culture, (3) formulating anti fraud value in the organization, (4) implementing reward system and punisment firmly, (5) anti fraud socialization for employees, and (6) forming agent of change. Key words: fraud prevention, internal control system, organizational culture, anti fraud value, Analytical Hierarchy ProcessABSTRACTFenomena kecurangan banyak melibatkan pelaku dari sektor pemerintahan. Praktik kecurangan di pemerintahan berdampak negatif di sektor ekonomi dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya pencegahan untuk menghindari kerugian negara material maupun non material. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan strategi pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan keuangan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan wawancara kepada 5 responden yang dianggap ahli. Strategi pencegahan fraud dalam pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah adalah: (1) Perbaikan sistem pengawasan dan pengendalian, (2) meningkatkan kultur organisasi, (3) merumuskan nilai anti fraud, (4) menerapkan sistem reward dan punishment yang tegas, (5) sosialisasi anti fraud bagi pegawai, dan (6) membentuk agen perubahan.Kata Kunci: Pencegahan Fraud, Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Budaya Organisasi, Nilai Anti Fraud, Proses Hirarki Analisis
The objectives of this study were to analyze the competitiveness of the beef cattle farming in Gorontalo District, to analyze the impact of government policies on competitiveness and to analyze the impact of changes in input and output factors of production to competitiveness. Primary data were obtained from 60 respondents were selected using non-probability sampling method. The analysis methods used were Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the commodity beef cattle in Gorontalo District has a weak competitiveness. The impact of policy to the beef cattle farming showed that the farmers are not protected by government policies (EPC<1). The impact of changes in input and output of production on the competitiveness showed that: 1) the increase in the price of domestic meat and the world respectively 8.44% and 10% will increase the competitiveness, 2) an increase in the price of feeder cattle at 3.28%, forage feed costs by 10% and labor costs by 10% will impact beef cattle farming do not have a competitive advantage but still have a comparative advantage, and 3) increase in meat production about 12.72% will increase the competitiveness of beef cattle.
Fraud phenomenon involves many actors from the government sector. Fraudulent practices in government has a negative impact on the economic and social sectors. Therefore, need for prevention effort to avoid state's material and non material losses. The objectives of this study were to formulate fraud prevention strategies by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Sources of data used in this study were questionnaires and interviews to 5 expert respondent. Strategies for fraud prevention on government financial management: (1) improving the supervision and control system, (2) improving the organizational culture, (3) formulating anti fraud value in the organization, (4) implementing reward system and punisment firmly, (5) anti fraud socialization for employees, and (6) forming agent of change. Key words: fraud prevention, internal control system, organizational culture, anti fraud value, Analytical Hierarchy Process
The objectives of this study are to analyze (1) the profitability of shallot farming, (2) competitiveness of shallot farming through competitive and comparative advantages and (3) impact of government's policy on competitiveness of shallot farming in three production centers in Indonesia (Cirebon, Brebes, and Tegal). Data analysis method used Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results show that shallot farming in Cirebon, Brebes and Tegal is financially profitable but economically unprofitable. The analysis of the competitiveness of shallot farming in Cirebon, Brebes and Tegal shows that shallot farming has no comparative advantage but has competitive advantage. The impacts of government's policy on output show that the government has given protection on the price of shallot. Meanwhile, the government's policy on input is disincentive to farmers. Shallot farmers have to pay inputs more expensive than they should be; however, simultaneously, the government's policy on input and output support the shallot production in Cirebon, Brebes and Tegal.Keywords: comparative advantage, competitive advantage, government's policy, policy analysis matrix, shallotAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keuntungan usaha tani bawang merah, menganalisis daya saing bawang merah melalui keunggulan kometitif dan komparatif, serta menganalisis dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada usaha tani bawang merah di tiga sentra produksi di Indonesia (Cirebon, Brebes, Tegal). Metode analisis data menggunakan PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal menguntungkan secara finansial tetapi tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi. Hasil analisis daya saing usaha tani bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal menunjukkan usaha tani bawang merah tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif tetapi masih memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap output menunjukkan adanya proteksi pemerintah terhadap harga bawang merah. Sementara itu, kebijakan pemerintah terkait input masih bersifat disinsentif kepada petani. Petani harus membayar input lebih mahal dari seharusnya. Secara simultan, kebijakan pemerintah terhadap input dan output mendukung terhadap produksi bawang merah di Cirebon, Brebes dan Tegal.Kata kunci: bawang merah, kebijakan pemerintah, keunggulan komparatif, keunggulan kompetitif, policy analysis matrix
Sharecropping system is wellknown as a disincentive agricultural system (Marshall 1920). It has been a culture that is very difficult to be deleted in rural area. Almost 70,5% of salt production business in Pamekasan regency applied this system, although it does not give more adventages to the sharecroppers. This study aimed to analyze the sharecropping system in salt production by estimating the profit taken by landlords and sharecroppers. Beside that, this study aimed to identify the factors affecting sharecropper's decission by using binery logistic regression. The results showed that the landlords and the sharecroppers have a significant difference in the mean of their profit. This result is significant for α=5%. Sharecropper's decission is affected significantly by the last education of sharecropper, number of sharecropper's family, and cost of fund. This study recommended the government, landlords, sharecroppers, middleman, and the stakeholder to cooparate and make a forum that can give a better welfare to the sharecroppers.
Gorontalo district is one of the areas in the Gorontalo province who get the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle program. The integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle is one form of technological innovation in agriculture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the farmer's decision to implement the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle and to known the factors that provide the greatest opportunities in the implementation of the integrated farming system. This research was conducted with logit analysis, using cross section data obtained from interviews to 59 cane farmers who have cattle. The results showed that the farmer's decision to implement the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle, significantly influenced positively by a factor of the number of beef cattle, grass garden ownership, extension education, technological mastery of feed and fertilizer. The most factor that give opportunity for farmers to implement the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle is the number of beef cattle. Thegovernment policy implication, related to the implementation of the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle that is, the government needs to pay attention to the factors that significantly give positive influence on the implementation of the integrated farming system of sugarcane-beef cattle. Therefore, needed the government policy to increase the number of beef cattle ownership, grass garden ownership, extension education, and technological mastery of feed and fertilizer for sugarcane farmers.
