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The study looked at the connection between intermediate-level students' academic performance and emotional intelligence. Three hundred and fifty (350) intermediate-level students from public institutions of District Attock participated in the study. Surveys were used to gather information to assess emotional intelligence. Academic success was measured in terms of the percentage of students who had finished their first year of college. In order to arrange and statistically evaluate the acquired data, the Mean, SD, and Pearson's correlation were computed. The research revealed a strong connection in academic success and the emotional intelligence (EI) of college students.

AbstractPakistan's stated policy is to increase basmati rice production through price support measures and liberalization of input markets. The present study assesses the scope for price support policy to achieve growth targets and whether additional assistance is needed from non‐price policy measures. The econometric analysis is based on a profit function using farm household survey data from the Punjab. Pakistan for 1995–1996. The results reveal that to achieve production targets, very high support prices are required. Since these price levels may not be feasible, a more appropriate option may involve some inducements to expand paddy area and the area allocated to modern varieties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractDeveloping economies are the main recipients of foreign aid. Nonetheless, such countries must face trade‐offs regarding poor governance due to the inflow of foreign aid because aid hampers governance situations. Given that, the current study aims to examine the role of country governance in defining corporate investment decisions and to ascertain how this effect varies across those countries that receive substantial amounts of foreign aid. To test the hypotheses, we collect the financial information of non‐financial sector enterprises from seven economies and apply the generalized method of moments and two‐stage least square models. The statistical results reveal that governance has a positive influence on corporate investment choices. This positive effect is consistent across individual effects of foreign aid. However, foreign aid systematically deteriorates the governance quality of the host country, referring to donor agencies' unnecessary interruption of the host country's institutional proceedings. This factor reduces institutional efficiency, which further deteriorates corporate investment. Our empirical analysis suggests that all the countries analysed should focus on better governance situations to promote industrial growth. Policymakers from these economies should ensure the effectiveness of foreign aid and introduce better governance practices to expediate industrial growth.HIGHLIGHTS


Country level governance has a positive and significant impact on CI decisions.


Foreign aid affects CI decisions positively.


Foreign aid deteriorates the host country's governance quality.


The interaction effect of country governance and foreign aid on CI is negative.

The current wave of COVID-19 outbreak has created new strategical challenges for policy officials of the industrial sector across the world. The effect of COVID-19 is more in developing economies where industrial sector is already struggling for its stability. This study introduces the impact of COVID-19 on the corporate investment behavior of non-financial publicly listed firms of Pakistan. To achieve the objective, we employ the panel data ranging from 2010 to 2020 and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) model to quantifies the empirical relationship. The outcomes of DID model suggest that the pandemic period and treatment have a significant and negative impact on corporate capital investment behavior. During pandemic spread period, the enterprises have limited their investment into fixed assets due to less productive use of such assets. Similarly, industries that exist in high-impact areas face a negative investment growth rate due to quarantine policy, fewer social movements, and high installing cost of new machinery. However, this negative effect diminishes across those firms that have a quick cash inflow rate and more availability of bank loans. These two factors serve as a financial setback against the adversities of pandemic. By drawing upon the empirical reasoning on the effect of COVID-19, this study also presents possible solutions to alienate unfavorable impacts of this pandemic. Current analysis can be considered as an early attempt towards investigating the consequences of COVID-19 on investment decisions of industrial sector.JEL Classification: G32: G31: G40: C33 Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-11 Full Text: PDF

Purpose
This study aims to explore the potential impact of country-level governance in corporate financing structures.


Design/methodology/approach
A two-step system generalized method of moment was used due to the endogeneity issue. The whole sample comprises 3,761 firms in five economies – China, India, Pakistan, Singapore and South Korea – from 2007 to 2016.


Findings
The results indicate that the debt option for financing is not favorable under governments with an adequate governance arrangement. However, there is a direct and significant link between country governance and equity financing because in adequate governance arrangements, the possibilities of information asymmetry are minimal and businesses consider equity a more appropriate and safer financing instrument. In contrast, firms prefer to trade-credit financing in poor governance economies, which confirms an adverse link between trade credit and adequate governance.


Practical implications
The country's governance should be considered a sensitive matter when deciding about corporate financing.


Originality/value
This arrangement of variables has not been previously analyzed in the literature, suggesting the study's novelty.

This study aims to analyse the determinants of the gender gap in financial inclusion in the BRICS countries. Using the World Bank's 2017 Global Financial Inclusion Index Database, the study examines the underlying causes of gender differences in financial services. Using the Fairlie (1999) decomposition method, the study finds a significant portion of the disparity among genders in financial inclusion. The lower-income quintiles contribute positively to the gender gap when compared to upper-income quintiles. A considerable proportion of disparities is attributed to secondary education. However, tertiary education acts to reduce the gap. JEL Codes: C250, G21, J16, 0530

AbstractThe uncertainty surrounding oil‐related policies has raised concerns about its influence on revenues derived from resource extraction activities. In this view, the current study aims to investigate the nuanced relationship between oil policy uncertainty (OPU) and resource rents, focusing on oil rents (ORTs), natural gas rents (NRTs), and total resource rents (TRT). Analyzing data spanning from 1985 to 2019 across Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, various econometric models including DOLS, FMOLS, and autoregressive distributed lag are employed to assess the impact of OPU on resource rents. The empirical findings reveal a significant negative effect of heightened OPU levels on resource rents, indicating a reduction in ORT, NRT, and TRT. This negative impact underscores the deterrence of long‐term investments in oil exploration and production due to regulatory unpredictability, leading to decreased revenues from oil extraction activities. Additionally, increased OPU contributes to heightened volatility in oil prices, disrupting the stability of resource rents. Furthermore, variables such as FDI inflow, inflation rate, and banking sector development exhibit positive relationships with resource rents, emphasizing their role in bolstering revenues derived from natural resources. The study's implications highlight the necessity for policymakers to address and mitigate OPU to foster stability and sustainable revenues within resource‐driven economies. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical insights into the adverse impact of OPU on resource rents.