Suchergebnisse

Des de l'inici de la decada dels noranta, parcialment en parallel al procés democratitzador, es pot apreciar en molts païses africans una nova visibilització de les autoritats tradicionals. La natura d'aquestes autorias, aixi com llur relació amb el poder colonial i amb els estats actuals, són molt variables. L'article fa un repàs antológica d'aquista diversity que afecta directamente les formes com estas "reemergint" en la vida pública: régulo maniaco, man diola, kabala de Buganda, mwami anande, hosi zunguze, rei swazi.

A grande densidade de população faz da região dos Grandes Lagos um lugar com tendência a processos de centralização política. Neste artigo vamos descrever a evolução dos reinos pré-coloniais em expansão durante o século XIX através da sua experiência colonial e pós-colonial no Uganda. Argumentaremos que a progressiva instauração do Estado colonial no Uganda pressupôs a consolidação de uma tendência para a exclusão política como forma habitual de manutenção do poder, o que conduziu no Uganda pós-colonial a uma crescente espiral de violência. Neste processo as instituições políticas ficaram subordinadas ao exército. ; The Great Lakes region, as a very densely populated region, has seen the development of some centralization process affecting its bigger kingdoms, which were in militar expansion during the 19th century. In this article we will focus on the colonial and postcolonial experience of these kingdoms inside Uganda. We will point out that the establishment of the colonial state supposed strengthen a bias to political exclusion as a way to keep power. This way of ruling sowed the seeds of the increasing political violence and civil wars experienced in postcolonial Uganda. In this process the state political institutions became subordinated to the army.

The Russian and Norwegian Arctic are gaining notoriety as an alternative maritime route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and as sources of natural resources. The renewed interest in the Northeast Passage or the Northern Sea Route is fueled by a recession of Arctic sea ice coupled with the discovery of new natural resources at a time when emerging and global markets are in growing demand for them. Driven by the expectation of potential future economic importance of the region, political interest and governance has been rapidly developing, mostly within the Arctic Council. However, this paper argues that optimism regarding the potential of Arctic routes as an alternative to the Suez Canal is overstated. The route involves many challenges: jurisdictional disputes create political uncertainties; shallow waters limit ship size; lack of modern deepwater ports and search and rescue (SAR) capabilities requires ships to have higher standards of autonomy and safety; harsh weather conditions and free-floating ice make navigation more difficult and schedules more variable; and more expensive ship construction and operation costs lessen the economic viability of the route. Technological advances and infrastructure investments may ameliorate navigational challenges, enabling increased shipping of natural resources from the Arctic to global markets.