Suchergebnisse

In marginal rural areas of Chile and Spain, forestry resources lead to the production of wealth, although apparently linked to different development models. In Chile, they are associated with the idea of development centered around the figure of the "entrepreneur" who, with their efforts, manages to make "Nature" productive by means of an intensive use of the land. On the other hand, in Spain, the development strategies are aimed at a "sustainable" use of the forestry resources along with "valorizing" the territorial heritage. In this work, the idea of "development" associated with its "local" and "sustainable" dimensions is questioned, hypothesizing that different development models respond to a similar dual and mercantilist vision of the territory ("efficient territory vs. non-productive territory"; "valorized" resources vs. "abandoned" resources). The objective of this reflection is to create a synthesis of the geographical approach and the political ecology to elucidate the projection of the power relations among different actors, who act in any given territory, from multiple spheres. To test this hypothesis, a comparison between two different territories: The Autonomous Community of Castilla y Leon in Spain, and the Bio-Bio region in Chile is proposed, in order to analyze the different models that have guided forestry use in these regions. ; En territorios rurales marginales de Chile y España, los recursos silvícolas concurren en la producción de riqueza, aunque vinculados a modelos de desarrollo aparentemente distintos. En Chile, se asocian a una idea de desarrollo centrado en la figura del "emprendedor" que con su esfuerzo logra volver productiva la "naturaleza" a través de un uso intensivo del territorio. En España, las estrategias de desarrollo apuntan a un aprovechamiento "sostenible" del recurso forestal, junto con una "puesta en valor" del patrimonio territorial. En el texto se cuestiona la idea de "desarrollo", asociada a la dimensión "local" y "sustentable", hipotetizando que modelos distintos de ...

The global spread of the Covid-19 virus, its speed and mode of propagation, the implications on morbidity, social relations and local and state economic dynamics, redefine the social construction processes of the territories. We propose a reading of the Chilean case, in an attempt to relate the structural, economic and territorial conditions, with the evolution of the health measures adopted, read through the perspective offered by social questions at the center of the protests that have animated the country since 18 October 2019. The structural political framework is the hyperliberist economic model, imposed during the dictatorship of General Pinochet, preserved and enlarged by the center-left governments in the last twenty years, which has among its elements characterizing the maximum opening and dependence on markets international, a production sector flattened on the export of raw materials, the privatization of fundamental services (such as health). At a time when, due to the virus, individual states restore a generalized closure of borders, the Chilean model aims to perpetuate itself by depriving special economic interests of collective well-being, further accentuating internal inequalities between groups social and between territories. The objective of the contribution is to analyze how much the geographical peculiarities of rural areas (low settlement density, relative isolation in terms of connectivity, ecc.) can limit the spread of the virus and, at the same time, how the limited presence of essential services (such as specialized medical centers) may give rise to greater negative effects than in metropolitan centers. The adopted methodology foresees: - a quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the spatial diffusion of virus - a diachronic and microterritorial analysis of the containment measures adopted by the central government, supplemented by an analysis of the discursive constructions of the main social actors - a discussion of the interrelationship between political actions, social and economic factors. ; La diffusione globale del virus COVID-19, la sua velocità e modalità di propagazione, le implicazioni sulla morbilità, sulle relazioni sociali e le dinamiche economiche locali e statali, ridefiniscono i processi di costruzione sociale dei territori. Si propone una lettura del caso cileno, nel tentativo di porre in relazione le condizioni strutturali, economiche e territoriali, con l'evoluzione delle misure sanitarie adottate, lette attraverso la prospettiva offerta dalle domande sociali al centro delle proteste che hanno animato il paese dal 18 ottobre 2019. Il quadro politico strutturale è il modello economico iperliberista, imposto durante la dittatura del generale Pinochet, conservato e ampliato dai governi di centro-sinistra negli ultimi vent'anni, che ha tra i suoi elementi caratterizzanti la massima apertura e dipendenza dai mercati internazionali, un settore produttivo appiattito sull'esportazione di materie prime, la privatizzazione dei servizi fondamentali (come la sanità). In un momento in cui, a causa del virus, i singoli stati ripristinano una generalizzata chiusura delle frontiere, il modello cileno mira a perpetuarsi privilegiando gli interessi economici particolari rispetto al benessere collettivo, accentuando ulteriormente le disuguaglianze interne tra gruppi sociali e tra territori. L'obiettivo del contributo è analizzare quanto le peculiarità geografiche dei territori rurali (bassa densità insediativa, relativo isolamento in termini di connettività, etc.) possano limitare la diffusione del virus e, allo stesso tempo, come la limitata presenza di servizi essenziali (quali centri medici specializzati) possa dar luogo a effetti negativi maggiori che nei centri metropolitani.

La globalización económica vinculada a unos procesos complejos entre los que se individualizan la interacción sectorial a escala mundo a través del denominado modo de producción flexible, los movimientos del capital, el comercio internacional y los grandes cambios tecnológicos tiene una expresión territorial muy diferente. El presente artículo, que analiza la distribución de esas facetas en las grandes regiones mundiales, trata de explicar el papel que juega el territorio constituido y construido por elementos naturales, culturales, sociales, políticos y económicos a lo largo de la historia, a la hora de adquirir una significación o una marginación en dichos procesos globales. A su vez se individualizan aquellos actores que pueden contribuir a la transformación de un territorio, o de algunos procesos actuales, especialmente los responsables de las políticas públicas. Esta dimensión territorial de la globalización económica a un nivel teórico, trata de aunar el papel y el comportamiento del mercado con las acciones propias de las instituciones públicas. ; Economic globalization, joined to complex processes between which individualized the sectorial interaction of a global scale through denominated way of flexible production, capital movements, international trade, and technological changes, reach several territorial expressions modelled by the irruption of the globalization process. In this paper, we analyzes the distribution of this aspects in the great world regions, trying to explain the territory role-playing, constituted and building by natural, cultural, social, politic and economic characteristics in history, in order to acquire relevance or marginalization of these global processes. These actors are individualized, can also contribute to transformation of the territory and, especially, are responsible for public policies. In this territorial dimension of economic globalization, the market and the public institutions also have a significant role.Étant le résultat de processus complexes tels que l ´interaction à échelle mondiale, la valeur de la production et les changements téchnologiques, la globalisation économique a une manisfestation territoriale très différente. Cet article veut déterminer le rôle du territoire quand il s´agit d´assumer un protagonisme ou un rejet vis à vis de ces processus globaux à differentes échelles , en relation avec les bases indispensables pour participer activement à ceux çi , tout en considérant les acteurs qui peuvent les déterminer , espéciallement ceux qui définissent les politiques publiques. Dans cette dimension territoriale de la globalisation économique et à un niveau théorique s´unissent le marché et l´action de État.