Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the development of the Japanese Military Enhancement Program in the Asia Pacific region through NDPG after the inclusion of support from the US. This research will only focus on how the improvement of the Japanese military after the entry of US support succeeded in establishing cooperation with Japan. This paper uses two concepts, namely the concept of alliances and national interests. Both countries have a level of strength against the military. Japan itself is known to have power in Asia and the Pacific, while America has become the strongest military force in the world to date. The two countries then fellowship one of the objectives is to achieve their interests. Japan has become one of the focuses of this writing, where Japan is seeking assistance from the United States because of threats from surrounding countries. Keywords: NDPG (National Defense Program Guideline), Alliance, National Interest.

ABSTRACT The Philippine government has had a prolonged conflict with armed group in Mindanao, South Philippines. One of the most influential groups in Mindanao is a MILF. MILF wants to establish an independent and sovereign state in the Southern Philippines as a result of the efforts of Christianization by the Philippine Government to cause land disputes and power shift. However, it has never been realized until giving rise to various rebellions. The various peace process has been done, such as the Tripoli Agreement, the Final Peace Agreement and the Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain but always failed. Finally succeeded with the signing of the Framework Agreement of Bangsamoro (FAB) in 2012 between the Philippine government and the MILF. FAB will contain the guarantee of basic rights Bangsmoro by the Government. This study shows that the motivating factor for MILF to sign FAB with the Philippine Government is a political recognition given to the Bangsamoro, special autonomy, as well as the creation of the Bangsamoro Basic Law that will include various things about the basic rights to the Bangsamoro. Keywords: Motivating factor, Political recognition

ABSTRACT Russia's involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has its own implications especially with its capacity as a mediator of conflict. Mediation efforts continue to be carried out by Russia both independently and collectively within the OSCE Minsk Group framework. On the contrary, Russia's role as a mediator failed to bring a peace agreement and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict escalated. This situation raises the assumption that Russia acts as a mediator solely not to achieve conflict resolution but to fulfill its interests in the region. Based on the above idea, the emergence of this research is to analyze Russia's foreign policy determinants as mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, especially in the period 2012 - 2016. This research is a qualitative-descriptive study using the concept of mediators, national interest and determinants of foreign policy as instruments of analysis. Keywords : Russia, Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, National Interest, Mediator

ABSTRACT This research aims to explain whether the holding of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa can improve the image of their country. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. South Africa has a poor country image after the apartheid government. To be able to overcome these problems South Africa tried to use Sports Diplomacy as a way out. Organizing a grand sports event is a form of South African Sports Diplomacy. The Football World Cup is a major sporting event that South Africa wants to develop in order to improve the image of their country. Researchers use the Sports Diplomacy framework through major sporting events to explain the benefits of grand sporting events Keywords: Sport Diplomacy,South Africa, Country Image, Football World Cup 2010

ABSTRACT The Water, Sanitaion, and Hygiene (WASH) sector in Timor Leste is one of the number one domestic issue that continues to be improved through foreign assistance. One of the assistances came from AusAID which has been provided since 2002 through the Community Water and Sanitation Program which was then continued by the Rural and Sanitation Water or BESIK I and II programs in 2006 and 2012. In the BESIK II program, AusAID's focus was on technical issue by providing trainings for all levels of Timor Leste from the central government to the lowest level as a goal to utilize WASH infrastructures that was produced by the previous program and to improve the WASH sector in accordance with the targets of the Timor Leste Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to describe the implementation of BESIK II towards that goal. This research was examined with the concept of program assistance and technical assistance. Using literature review techniques from sources and books related to the time with locus of research is from 2012-2016. Keywords: aid program, technical assistance, WASH, BESIK II

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the mediation effort that done by the Organization of American States (OAS) in Costa Rica and Nicaragua border dispute 2010. OAS members country support peaceful dispute settlement.The San Juan river is the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua which has been a source of conflict between the two countries since 1821. Although the status of the river and navigation rights between the countries has been regulated in agreement, but the border conflict between two countries occurred again in 2010. The conflict began with dredging activities along the river accompanied by a military invasion by Nicaragua on Costa Rica's Island, Calero Island. In Response, Costa Rica asked OAS to mediate the conflict. OAS as a regional organization that houses the two countries then conducted mediation efforts to resolve the Costa Rica border dispute with Nicaragua 2010. Keywords : OAS, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Mediation

ABSTRACT Iran's nuclear development has changed the instability of Iran's economy. Iran's economic sanction initiated resistance economy as an action of Iran's governments defense. The pressure of economic sanctionscontinue to increase with the development of Iran's nuclear that makes Iran's governments couldn't handle the stability of Iran's economy. Based on that situation, Iran's governments response was took an attempt for negotiation as a choice to overcome the tensions post Iran's economic sanctions. As the end of that negotiation created Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear agreement. That agreement made by Iran and P5 + 1 group (United Kingdom, France, China, Russian Federation, The United States + Germany) at July 14, 2015. This research aims to analyse factors behind Iran's approve the JCPOA nuclear agreement. The locus of this study is from 2013 to 2017. Keywords:Nuclear Development, Resistance Economy, negotiation, JCPOA, P5 +1

This research aimed to explain the impact of the United States War on Drugs policy that led the social movements of indigenous peoples in Bolivia through the appearance of Evo Morales and formation of El Movimiento al Socialismo or Movement towards Socialism (MAS) which become an influential political party in Bolivia and eventually led Evo Morales to become the first indigenous President of Bolivia in 2006 and point the concern of indigenous peoples through 2009 Constitution and ratification of the 1961 Convention. Data was obtained through library methods such as, scientific journals, related websites, books, ande-books. Collected datadescribed through qualitative research method with descriptive research type. Research analysis used the concepts of rights of indigenous peoples and self-determination. Both of these concepts explain how United States intervention through War on Drugs that becomingthe trigger of Bolivian indigenous people's self-determination effort. Keywords:War on Drugs, Coca Leaves, Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Self-Determination

ABSTRACT The cooperation between Canada and European Union started on 2009 is named as CETA. The reason why CETA is carried out by Canada is to reduce dependence on the United States. However, during the negotiation, Canada faces an obstacles on the agriculture sector. The opening of the Canadian market by increasing the cheese import quota is considered to be harmful to local cheese producers and violates the supply management system that protects the local dairy sector since 1970. This research analyzes economic diplomacy and two-level negotiations (international and domestic) Canada does in 2009 until 2017. The concepts used in this research are economic diplomacy concept and two-level games theory. Research data is obtained from various sources, such as books, journals, scientific research, and reports related to this study. Keywords: CETA, Two-Level Games Theory, Economic Diplomacy, Agriculture Sector

ABSTRACT Environmental issues has internationally become one of the main agenda. Enviromental damage on a large scale has become one of the main cause of the worsening of water quality sanitation in Indonesia. Regarding that issue, United States Agency For International Development (USAID) provide assistance to improve the clean water quality and sanitation in Indonesia through Environmental Service Program (ESP). ESP has done a lot of efforts in restoring the quality of clean water and sanitation in Indonesia which can be shown by capacity growth, growth of environmental awareness, also policy advocacy. Other than that, through the ESP program USAID has also become a median between the local community and the government in their effort to improve the quality of clean water and sanitation. Key words: Clean water and sanitation,Environmental Service Program, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT The development of Information and Communication Technology provide benefit and threat simultaneously for the countries that using it. China is one of the country that has been using Information and Communication Technology and China also claimed that the country has become world's biggest victim of cyber attacks. Increasingly complexity of the problem in the security area, needed a respon to tackle cyber attacks and the Chinese government has a distinctive way to handle this problem. The research aims to describe the efforts to tackle cyber attacks by the Chinese government through the network security policy. This research using qualitative method and assessed by using concepts of network security and cyber security cooperation. The locus of this research is from 2000 until 2015. Key Word: China, network security, cyber security cooperation

ABSTACK Thailand is the only country in Southeast Asia that had never been colonized. But Thailand was inseparable from the problem of the country's internal conflict. The conflict happened between the Government of Thailand with a Muslim minority ethnic Malays in Southern Thailand. Conflict caused by ethno-nationalism movement which happened for a century and more drawn out. In southern Thailand, tension and violence occured every day. The conflict was capable considered of threatening national security and forced the Thai government to take more serious action in response. This study aimed to describe the action taken by Thai government in response to ethno-nationalism movement in Southern Thailand in 2004 – 2006. The research method that used was descriptive qualitative. Ethno-nationalism and coercive measures were the concept that used to discuss this study. Keyword: Thailand, Conflict, Southern Thailand, Ethno-nationalism, Coercive measures.

ABSTRACT The problem of child labour in West Africa's cocoa plantations began to draw global attention in the middle of 2000. Ghana is one of the country in West Africa that is getting the spotlight related to the numerous child labourers that work under the hazardous conditions on cocoa plantations. In line with the establishment of Harkin-Engel Protocol as one of the effort to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in cocoa and chocolate industry, the involvement of ILO-IPEC is expected to assist in realizing the protocol's objective. ILO-IPEC established WACAP, a sub-regional program which conducted in four cocoa producing countries and one rice producing country in West Africa. Ghana is one of the five countries in the scope of WACAP's implementation. This study aims to describe the efforts of ILO-IPEC through WACAP in eliminating and preventing child labour on cocoa plantations in Ghana. This study assessed by using theory of foreign aid with its two sub-concepts; humanitarian development aid and technical assistance of foreign aid. The locus of this study is from 2002 to 2006. Key Words: child labour, Ghana, ILO-IPEC, cocoa plantations

ABSTRACT Education is now becoming one of the global issues that have been discussed so much. A good education will produce qualityhuman resources (HR), which will affect the welfare of the community and can support the success of a country to achieve its goals. An effort to improve the quality of education would experience a wide range of difficult problems faced, one of which is gender injusticeor gender inequality in education. This is experienced by China which is actually a country with a dense population, leading to the emergence of the problem of gender inequality in various fields, especially in education. There are several factors behind gender inequalities in education in China, among them: the first is the economic factor or poverty, the second is a preference or pattern of cultural outlook for men, the third is the policy of one-child policy issued by the Chinese government which in this case leads to violence against children and women. Based on this, in 2004, UNICEF played its role as an international organization that focuses on the well-being of children and women to help China by issuing a campaign, entitled Women and Children First. Women and Children First campaign by UNICEF aims to reduce gender inequality in various fields, including inequality in education in China. UNICEF has conducted several ways in the campaign Women and Children First, such as: installation of public service ads related to gender equality in radio, television, as well as billboards and banners and animated films on gender equality which are directly targeting individuals and society in China.Through this campaign, UNICEF provides information, understanding, values, and norms about the meaning of gender equality in China. Keywords: Gender Equality in Education, UNICEF, Women and Children First Campaign.

ABSTRACT Marijuana legalization is a form of public policy that most raises pros and cons in Colorado, United States. The United States Federal Law which classified marijuana as illegal drugs causes millions of people to be arrested and prosecuted with heavy fines even though they have a small amounts of marijuana. The Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) as the largest Non Government Organization (NGO) for marijuana reform in the United States feels the need to reform the legalization policy of marijuana in the state that has a long history of marijuana use, Colorado. This study aims to describe the influence of the Marijuana Policy Project as an interest group towards the forming of public opinion and the process of public policy making in Colorado. This study assesed by using public opinion and influence of interest groups concepts within 2011-2014 as timeline.Keyword: marijuana legalization, interest group, influence, public opinion